Konjunkturelle Effekte des Ölpreisfalls in den Jahren 2014 bis 2016
Andrej Drygalla, Stefan Gießler, Oliver Holtemöller
Wirtschaftskammer Österreich: Wirtschaftspolitische Blätter,
Nr. 4,
2015
Abstract
Der Ölpreis ist seit der Mitte des Jahres 2014 deutlich gesunken. Die konjunkturellen Effekte von Ölpreisänderungen hängen davon ab, ob nachfrageseitige oder angebotsseitige Ursachen die Preisänderung auslösen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Ölpreisrückgang seit Mitte des Jahres 2014 in eine konjunkturelle und eine ölmarktspezifische Komponente zerlegt. Anschließend wird mit dem internationalen Konjunkturmodell des IWH analysiert, welchen Beitrag der Ölpreisrückgang zur konjunkturellen Entwicklung seit Mitte des Jahres 2014 geleistet hat und welche Effekte bis zum Ende des Jahres 2016 noch zu erwarten sind. Es werden sowohl ölexportierende (Russland) als auch ölimportierende Länder (G7-Länder und Österreich) betrachtet. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt wird im betrachteten Länderkreis in den USA und in Japan am stärksten stimuliert, während der Ölpreisfall in Russland das Bruttoinlandsprodukt deutlich dämpft.
Artikel Lesen
Im Fokus: Sächsische Kooperationsstrukturen im 7. Forschungsrahmenprogramm der Europäischen Union
Mirko Titze
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 6,
2014
Abstract
Im Bereich Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) bieten zwischenbetriebliche Kooperationen die Möglichkeit, Spezialisierungsvorteile zu nutzen und Wissen auszutauschen. Für die Entstehung von Innovationen ist insbesondere personengebundenes Wissen wichtig, dessen Ausbreitung jedoch räumlich begrenzt ist. Für die Innovationsdynamik einer Region sind deswegen neben überregionalen Beziehungen auch regionale Kooperationen bedeutsam. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die Kooperationsstrukturen innerhalb geförderter Verbundprojekte des 7. Forschungsrahmenprogramms der Europäischen Union (EU) für den Zeitraum von 2007 bis 2013. Die Untersuchung richtet sich auf den Freistaat Sachsen. Der Beitrag knüpft an eine Untersuchung aus dem Jahr 2013 an, die zeigte, dass sächsische Akteure in einer bestimmten Art von Förderprogrammen, den Bundesprogrammen, heute vergleichsweise viele Kooperationspartner in räumlicher Nähe wählen. Es zeigt sich, dass es formelle Kooperationen zwischen sächsischen Akteuren auch innerhalb der internationalen Konsortien der Forschungsrahmenprogramme der EU gibt. Damit ist der Grundstein für den Austausch von personengebundenem Wissen gelegt. Aus internationaler Perspektive waren in den angesprochenen Projekten vorwiegend Partner aus Westeuropa beteiligt.
Artikel Lesen
Post-transition Regions as Locations for Foreign Direct Investment of Multinational Enterprises
Andrea Gauselmann
Hochschulschrift, Juristische und Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg,
2014
Abstract
Multinationale Unternehmen investieren im Ausland, um von standortspezifischen Vorteilen zu profitieren und ihre eigene Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu verbesser. Gleichzeitig tragen sie zu einer Steigerung der Produktivität und einem wirtschaftlichen Aufholprozess am ausländischen Standort bei. Sie fungieren in diesem Sinne als Treiber für technologische und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung. Das Ziel der Dissertation ist es, einen Beitrag zur aktuellen Forschung zu leisten, indem untersucht wird, durch welche Determinanten ausländische Investoren bei der Standortwahl in den europäischen Post-Transformationsregionen beeinflusst werden, welche Motive sie bei ihrer Investition verfolgen, wie sie die Qualität der Standortfaktoren vor Ort beurteilen und unter welchen Bedingungen ein Austausch von Wissen und Technologie zwischen den ausländischen Tochterunternehmen und den Akteuren der einheimischen Wirtschaft stattfindet.
Artikel Lesen
Determinants of Knowledge Exchange Between Foreign and Domestic Enterprises in European Post-transition Economies
Andrea Gauselmann
Journal Economia e Politica Industriale (Journal of Industrial and Business Economics),
Nr. 4,
2014
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the literature on internationalised research and development by investigating determinants of knowledge and technology transfer between foreign subsidiaries and the local economy in European post-transition economies. This inquiry leads to a better understanding of determinants that influence this knowledge and technology exchange. Applying a logit model, we find that, in particular, the foreign subsidiary’s corporate governance structure, its embeddedness in the multinational enterprise’s internal knowledge base, its own technological capacity, the growth of the regional knowledge stock and the regional sectoral diversification are all positively associated with the transfer of knowledge. Subsidiaries’ investment motives and the relative weight of the sector of investment in the region’s economy appear to be of less importance. The analysis focuses on European post-transition economies, using the example of five selected Central Eastern European countries and East Germany. We exploit a unique dataset, the IWH FDI Micro database, which contains information on one thousand two hundred forty-five foreign subsidiaries in this region.
Artikel Lesen
The Impact of Public Guarantees on Bank Risk-taking: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Reint E. Gropp, C. Gruendl, Andre Guettler
Review of Finance,
Nr. 2,
2014
Abstract
In 2001, government guarantees for savings banks in Germany were removed following a lawsuit. We use this natural experiment to examine the effect of government guarantees on bank risk-taking. The results suggest that banks whose government guarantee was removed reduced credit risk by cutting off the riskiest borrowers from credit. Using a difference-in-differences approach we show that none of these effects are present in a control group of German banks to whom the guarantee was not applicable. Furthermore, savings banks adjusted their liabilities away from risk-sensitive debt instruments after the removal of the guarantee, while we do not observe this for the control group. We also document that yield spreads of savings banks’ bonds increased significantly right after the announcement of the decision to remove guarantees, while the yield spread of a sample of bonds issued by the control group remained unchanged. The evidence implies that public guarantees may be associated with substantial moral hazard effects.
Artikel Lesen
Outperforming IMF Forecasts by the Use of Leading Indicators
Katja Drechsel, Sebastian Giesen, Axel Lindner
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 4,
2014
Abstract
This study analyzes the performance of the IMF World Economic Outlook forecasts for world output and the aggregates of both the advanced economies and the emerging and developing economies. With a focus on the forecast for the current and the next year, we examine whether IMF forecasts can be improved by using leading indicators with monthly updates. Using a real-time dataset for GDP and for the indicators we find that some simple single-indicator forecasts on the basis of data that are available at higher frequency can significantly outperform the IMF forecasts if the publication of the Outlook is only a few months old.
Artikel Lesen
R&D Cooperation for Non-technological Innovations
Gunnar Pippel
Economics of Innovation and New Technology,
Nr. 7,
2014
Abstract
Past research on the impact of R&D cooperation on firm innovation performance has almost solely focused on technological innovations. This paper investigates the impact of R&D cooperation on non-technological innovation performance of firms. In doing so, seven different cooperation partner types are distinguished. Survey data from German firms are used for the econometric analysis. It is shown that R&D cooperation increases the probability of a firm to introduce non-technological innovations. R&D cooperation with suppliers, consultants, other firms within the same firm group and universities has a significant positive impact on organizational and marketing innovation performance. Cooperation with governmental research institutes and competitors has no significant effect. R&D cooperation with customers has a significant impact on a firm's organizational innovation performance, but not on marketing innovation performance.
Artikel Lesen
The Ex Ante versus Ex Post Effect of Public Guarantees
H. Evren Damar, Reint E. Gropp, Adi Mordel
D. Evanoff, C. Holthausen, G. Kaufman and M. Kremer (eds), The Role of Central Banks in Financial Stability: How has it Changed? World Scientific Studies in International Economics 30,
2013
Abstract
In October 2006, Dominion Bond Rating Service (DBRS) introduced new ratings for banks that account for the potential of government support. The rating changes are not a reflection of any changes in the respective banks’ credit fundamentals. We use this natural experiment to evaluate the consequences of bail out expectations for bank behavior using a difference in differences approach. The results suggest a striking difference between the effects of bail out probabilities during calm times (“ex ante”) versus during crisis times (“ex post”). During calm times, higher bail-out probabilities result in higher risk taking, consistent with the moral hazard view and much of the empirical literature. However, in crisis times, we find that banks with higher bail out probabilities tend to increase their risk taking less compared to banks that were ex ante unlikely to be bailed-out. Charter values are one part of the explanation: Supported banks may have a funding advantage relative to non-supported banks during the crisis. However, we cannot rule out that other factors also may be playing a role, including tighter supervision of supported banks in crisis times.
Artikel Lesen
Reconciling Narrative Monetary Policy Disturbances with Structural VAR Model Shocks?
Martin Kliem, Alexander Kriwoluzky
Economics Letters,
Nr. 2,
2013
Abstract
Structural VAR studies disagree with narrative accounts about the history of monetary policy disturbances. We investigate whether employing the narrative monetary shocks as a proxy variable in a VAR model aligns both shock series. We find that it does not.
Artikel Lesen
Has Labor Income Become More Volatile? Evidence from International Industry-Level Data
Claudia M. Buch
German Economic Review,
Nr. 4,
2013
Abstract
Changes in labor market institutions and the increasing integration of the world economy may affect the volatility of capital and labor incomes. This article documents and analyzes changes in income volatility using data for 11 industrialized countries, 22 industries and 35 years (1970–2004). The article has four main findings. First, the unconditional volatility of labor income has declined in parallel to the decline in macroeconomic volatility. Second, the industry-specific, idiosyncratic component of labor income volatility has hardly changed. Third, cross-sectional heterogeneity is substantial. If anything, the labor incomes of high- and low-skilled workers have become more volatile relative to the volatility of capital incomes. Fourth, the volatility of labor income relative to the volatility of capital income declines in the labor share. Trade openness has no clear-cut impact.
Artikel Lesen
