FDI and Domestic Investment: An Industry-level View
Claudia M. Buch
CEPR. Discussion Paper No. 6464,
2007
Abstract
Previous empirical work on the link between domestic and foreign investment provides mixed results which partly depend on the level of aggregation of the data. We argue that the aggregated home country implications of foreign direct investment (FDI) cannot be gauged using firm-level data. Aggregated data, in turn, miss channels through which domestic and foreign activities interact. Instead, industry-level data provide useful information on the link between domestic and foreign investment. We theoretically show that the effects of FDI on the domestic capital stock depend on the structure of industries and the relative importance of domestic and multinational firms. Our model allows distinguishing intra-sector competition from inter-sector linkage effects. We test the model using data on German FDI. Using panel cointegration methods, we find evidence for a positive long-run impact of FDI on the domestic capital stock and on the stock of inward FDI. Effects of FDI on the domestic capital stock are driven mainly by intra-sector effects. For inward FDI, inter-sector linkages matter as well.
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FDI versus exports: Evidence from German banks
Claudia M. Buch, A. Lipponer
Journal of Banking and Finance,
Nr. 3,
2007
Abstract
We use a new bank-level dataset to study the FDI-versus-exports decision for German banks. We extend the literature on multinational firms in two directions. First, we simultaneously study FDI and the export of cross-border financial services. Second, we test recent theories on multinational firms which show the importance of firm heterogeneity [Helpman, E., Melitz, M.J., Yeaple, S.R., 2004. Export versus FDI. American Economic Review 94 (1), 300–316]. Our results show that FDI and cross-border services are complements rather than substitutes. Heterogeneity of banks has a significant impact on the internationalization decision. More profitable and larger banks are more likely to expand internationally than smaller banks. They have more extensive foreign activities, and they are more likely to engage in FDI in addition to cross-border financial services.
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Where enterprises lead, people follow? Links between migration and FDI in Germany
Claudia M. Buch, J. Kleinert, Farid Toubal
European Economic Review,
Nr. 8,
2006
Abstract
Standard neoclassical models of economic integration are based on the assumptions that capital and labor are substitutes and that the geography of factor market integration does not matter. Yet, these two assumptions are violated if agglomeration forces among factors from specific source countries are at work. Agglomeration implies that factors behave as complements and that the country of origin matters. This paper analyzes agglomeration between capital and labor empirically. We use state-level German data to answer the question whether and how migration and foreign direct investment (FDI) are linked. Stocks of inward FDI and of immigrants have similar determinants, and the geography of factor market integration matters. There are higher stocks of inward FDI in German states hosting a large foreign population from the same country of origin. This agglomeration effect is confined to higher-income source countries.
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Technology spillovers from external investors in East Germany: no overall effects in favor of domestic firms
Harald Lehmann, Jutta Günther
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 198,
2004
Abstract
The study deals with the question whether external (foreign and West German) investors in East Germany induce technological spillover effects in favor of domestic firms. It ties in with a number of other econometric spillover studies, especially for transition economies, which show rather mixed and inconclusive results so far. Different from existing spillover analyses, this study allows for a much deeper regional breakdown up to Raumordnungsregionen and uses a branch classification that explicitly considers intermediate and investment good linkages. The regression results show no positive correlation between the presence of external investors and domestic firms’ productivity, no matter which regional breakdown is looked at (East Germany as a whole, federal states, or Raumordnungsregionen). Technology spillovers which may exist in particular cases are obviously not strong enough to increase the domestic firms’ overall productivity.
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Exporting Financial Institutions Management via Foreign Direct Investment Mergers and Acquisitions
Allen N. Berger, Claudia M. Buch, G. DeLong
Journal of International Money and Finance,
Nr. 3,
2004
Abstract
We test the relevance of the new trade theory and the traditional theory of comparative advantage for explaining the geographic patterns of international M&As of financial institutions between 1985 and 2000. The data provide statistically significant support for both theories. We also find evidence that the U.S. has idiosyncratic comparative advantages at both exporting and importing financial institutions management.
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FDI Subsidiaries and Industrial Integration of Central Europe: Conceptual and Empirical Results
Boris Majcen, Slavo Radosevic, Matija Rojec
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 177,
2003
Abstract
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Die Wirtschaftslage in China: Leichte Abwertung erst mittelfristig zu erwarten
Sun Xiaoqing
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 13,
1998
Abstract
Bereits vor dem Beginn der Asienkrise hatte sich das chinesische Wirtschaftswachstum, das in der ersten Hälfte der neunziger Jahre zweistellige Raten erreicht hatte, deutlich abgeschwächt. Zu einem gewissen Maß war diese Abschwächung im Zuge der Inflationsbekämpfung erwünscht. Nicht nur die Inlandsnachfrage, sondern auch die Exportnachfrage hat deutlich an Dynamik verloren. Die Absatzmöglichkeiten chinesischer Unternehmen im Ausland haben sich im Zuge der Asienkrise zugespitzt, und es ist nicht zu erwarten, daß das von der Regierung für dieses Jahr gesetzte Wachstumsziel in Höhe von 8 vH realisiert werden kann. Die Abwertung der Währungen der südostasiatischen Krisenländer und des japanischen Yen, der wirtschaftliche Zusammenbruch in diesen Ländern und die steigende Arbeitslosigkeit in China nähren Zweifel daran, ob der fixe Wechselkurs des chinesischen Yuan zum US-Dollar aufrechtzuhalten ist. Gegen eine Abwertung sprechen in erster Linie der resultierende Vertrauensverlust, die Gefahr einer Aufrechterhaltung des Wechselkurses zum US-Dollar kann von dieser Seite bedroht werden. Dies gilt um so mehr, als sich gegenwärtig ein Auslandsdirektinvestition abzeichnet. Durch die Wachstumsabschwächung machen sich bestehende Probleme im Unternehmenssektor stärker bemerkbar. Nach offiziellen Angaben schreiben etwa 40 vH der zumeist klein- und mittel-ständischen Staatsbetriebe rote Zahlen. Diese Betriebe haben erhebliche Absatzschwierigkeiten. Das Bankensystem steht infolge eines hohen Bestands an „faulen“ Krediten vor einer Finanzkrise. Von den notleidenden und uneinbringbaren Krediten entfallen mindestens 40 vH auf den Staatssektor und konzentrieren sich dabei insbesondere auf zwei Bereiche: die Staatsbetriebe und den Immobiliensektor. Da die chinesische Regierung jedoch explizit die Zahlungsfähigkeit der Staatsbanken garantiert, ist das Risiko eines Schwundes an öffentlichem Vertrauen zur Zeit begrenzt.
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