Mehr Effizienz durch mehr Wettbewerb in der sozialen Krankenversicherung?
Ingmar Kumpmann
WSI-Mitteilungen,
Nr. 4,
2012
Abstract
In gesundheitspolitischen Debatten wird vielfach mehr Wettbewerb zwischen Krankenversicherungen als Mittel zur Steigerung der Effizienz des Gesundheitswesens empfohlen. In diesem Beitrag werden die Folgen eines idealtypischen Wettbewerbs zwischen Krankenversicherungen für Kosten und Qualität der medizinischen Versorgung diskutiert. Es wird argumentiert, dass die Kosten im Wettbewerb keineswegs sinken, sondern steigen, weil konkurrierende Kostenträger die starke Position der Leistungserbringer am Markt schlechter ausgleichen können als der Staat oder ein Versicherungskartell. Der Wettbewerb kann ferner dazu führen, dass sich der Markt segmentiert: einerseits in Versicherungen, die bei niedrigen Beiträgen nur Zugang zu unbeliebten Ärzten bieten, und andererseits Versicherungen, die gegen höhere Beiträge die freie Arztwahl garantieren. Die mit stärkerem Versicherungswettbewerb verbundene Einschränkung der freien Arztwahl beeinträchtigt den Ärztewettbewerb um Patienten.
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Does Central Bank Staff Beat Private Forecasters?
Makram El-Shagi, Sebastian Giesen, A. Jung
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 5,
2012
Abstract
In the tradition of Romer and Romer (2000), this paper compares staff forecasts of the Federal Reserve (Fed) and the European Central Bank (ECB) for inflation and output with corresponding private forecasts. Standard tests show that the Fed and less so the ECB have a considerable information advantage about inflation and output. Using novel tests for conditional predictive ability and forecast stability for the US, we identify the driving forces of the narrowing of the information advantage of Greenbook forecasts coinciding with the Great Moderation.
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Delineation of City Regions Based on Commuting Interrelations: The Example of Large Cities in Germany
Albrecht Kauffmann
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 4,
2012
Abstract
The comparison of cities with regard to their economic or demographic development may yield misleading results, if solely the cities in their administrative borders are the object of consideration. Frequently, historical borders of cities neither conform to the contemporary settlement structures, nor do they consider the mutual dependencies between cities and parts of their hinterland. Therefore, it is often claimed to use city regions as objects of comparison or for the sake of urban planning. Commonly, the delineation of functional regions is based on commuting flows from the municipalities in the hinterland of the core cities directed to the cores. A municipality is regarded as belonging to a certain city region if the share of out-commuters from this municipality to the respective core in the total mass of those employees who reside in that municipality is the largest one, and if this share exceeds a certain threshold value. However, commuting flows in the opposite direction are not considered. The method presented here delineates city regions on the base of bidirectional commuting flows. Hereby, various modifications regarding the characteristics of the employment base, the possibility of overlaps of regions, the formation of polycentric city regions, and of the minimum threshold value of mutual connectivity are applied to the sample of 81 German cities with more than 100 000 inhabitants. Finally, the effects of different kinds of regionalisation on the coefficients of regional specialisation of these cities and city regions are demonstrated.
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Veblen's Predator and the Great Crisis
John B. Hall, Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Jutta Günther
Journal of Economic Issues,
Nr. 2,
2012
Abstract
With this inquiry we attribute cause for the current and “Great Crisis“ to Veblen's predator. After summarizing origins and manifestations of this crisis we juxtapose Veblen's emphasis upon the predator to other potential causes for crisis and crises. Noted to have emerged when our stock of human knowledge provided for the creation of surplus, Veblen's predator is presented as capable of metamorphosis and also driving evolution of our capitalistic system: whether this means emerging as the businessman in the “era of the machine,“ or the investment banker promoting a financial metaphysics in the current “era of finance.“
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Die Verlustquote bei Handelskreditausfällen – Eine empirische Untersuchung in Deutschland
Henry Dannenberg
Zeitschrift für Controlling & Management,
Nr. 2,
2012
Abstract
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Editorial: Attempts to Bring Knowledge, Universities and Spatial Development together
Peter Franz
International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development Vol. 2 (2),
2011
Abstract
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Residential Energy Markets
Claus Michelsen, Sebastian Rosenschon
Morris A. Pierce (Hrsg.), Encyclopedia of Energy Vol. 4,
2012
Abstract
The residential sector accounts for about 30 percent of overall final energy consumption worldwide. The sector includes energy use in residential buildings, mainly for space heating, cooling, water heating, lighting, appliances and cooking equipment. Per capita demand in 2005 equaled about 300 kilograms of oil equivalent (kgoe) worldwide.
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