Internationale FuE-Standorte
Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation (Hrsg.), Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem Nr. 11-2013, Berlin,
Nr. 11,
2013
Abstract
In dieser Schwerpunktstudie wird die Internationalisierung von Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) aus deutscher Perspektive untersucht. Aktuelle Trends wurden auf Basis der internationalen FuE-Statistik identifiziert. Darüber hinaus werden patentbasierte Indikatoren berechnet, die vor allen Dingen zu den Technologiefeldern der erfinderischen Aktivitäten deutscher Unternehmen im Ausland neue Erkenntnisse liefern. Eine mikroökonometrische Analyse gibt Aufschluss über die relevanten Standortfaktoren für ausländische FuE in Deutschland und der EU27. Zusätzlich wurden neue Befragungsdaten zu FuE deutscher Unternehmen an „neuen Standorten“ in Ost- und Mitteleuropa analysiert. Abschließend wurden an Hand eines Datensatzes europäischer multinationaler Unternehmen sowie der Fallstudie eines deutschen Konzerns strategische Faktoren und Managementpraktiken identifiziert, welche den Wissenstransferin multinationalen Unternehmen beeinflussen.
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Determinanten ausländischer FuE-Aktivität in Deutschland und der EU27
Eva Dettmann, Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Jutta Günther, Björn Jindra, Philipp Marek, A. Gumpert
Internationale FuE-Standorte. Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem Nr. 11-2013,
Nr. 11,
2013
Abstract
Obwohl es sich grundsätzlich um kein neues Phänomenhandelt, so hat in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten die Internationalisierung von Forschungund Entwicklung (FuE) deutlich zugenommen. So zeigen z. B. Untersuchungen der OECD, dass die FuE-Ausgaben ausländischer Tochterunternehmen in der Periode zwischen 1995 und2003 doppelt so schnell angestiegen sind wie ihr Umsatz oder die aggregierten Importe des Gastlandes. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass FuE zu den dynamischen Elementen der Globalisierung gehört. Allerdings steht der Grad der FuE-Internationalisierung dem der Produktion oft noch nach, wenn man zumindest unterschiedliche Bereiche des Verarbeitenden Gewerbes in EU und OECD-Ländern betrachtet.
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Natural-resource or Market-seeking FDI in Russia? An Empirical Study of Locational Factors Affecting the Regional Distribution of FDI Entries
K. Gonchar, Philipp Marek
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 3,
2013
Abstract
This paper conducts an empirical study of the factors that affect the spatial distribution of foreign direct investment (FDI) across regions in Russia; in particular, this paper is concerned with those regions that are endowed with natural resources and market-related benefits. Our analysis employs data on Russian firms with a foreign investor during the 2000-2009 period and linked regional statistics in the conditional logit model. The main findings are threefold. First, we conclude that one theory alone is not able to explain the geographical pattern of foreign investments in Russia. A combination of determinants is at work; market-related factors and the availability of natural resources are important factors in attracting FDI. The relative importance of natural resources seems to grow over time, despite shocks associated with events such as the Yukos trial. Second, existing agglomeration economies encourage foreign investors by means of forces generated simultaneously by sector-specific and inter-sectoral externalities. Third, the findings imply that service-oriented FDI co-locates with extraction industries in resource-endowed regions. The results are robust when Moscow is excluded and for subsamples including only Greenfield investments or both Greenfield investments and mergers and acquisitions (M&A).
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Aktuelle Trends: Multinationale Investoren in Ostdeutschland erwarten keine Eintrübung der Geschäftsaussichten im Jahr 2013
Andrea Gauselmann, Jutta Günther, Björn Jindra, Philipp Marek, Jan Engelhardt
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 1,
2013
Abstract
Das IWH führt in Ostdeutschland (inklusive Berlin) seit dem Jahr 2007 regelmäßig Befragungen von Tochterunternehmen multinationaler Konzerne mit Hauptsitz im Ausland bzw. in den westdeutschen Bundesländern durch. Im September 2012 wurden insgesamt 466 Tochterunternehmen bezüglich ihrer Geschäftserwartungen für das Jahr 2013 befragt. Die befragten Unternehmen gehören entweder dem Verarbeitenden Gewerbe oder ausgewählten Dienstleistungssektoren an. Ihr Gewicht in der ostdeutschen Wirtschaft ist erheblich: Beispielsweise ist jeder vierte Arbeitnehmer im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe bei einem Tochterunternehmen mit multinationalem Investor beschäftigt.
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Agglomeration and FDI in East German Knowledge-intensive Business Services
Philipp Marek
Economia Politica,
Nr. 3,
2012
Abstract
The focus of this article is the empirical identification of factors influencing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) sector on the regional level of «Raumordnungsregionen» in East Germany. The analysis focuses on the impact of regional agglomeration and technological capability on the location decision of foreign investors and West German MNEs. It shows that localisation, patent activity and the share of employees with an R&D occupation affect significantly the location decision of FDI. This result provides an explanation for the strong concentration of KIBS in urban areas in a post-transition economy.
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FDI Micro Database – Methodological Note – Survey 2012 in East Germany
Jutta Günther, Andrea Gauselmann, Björn Jindra, Philipp Marek, Jan Engelhardt
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
2012
Abstract
With the integration of post-communist countries into the European and global economy
after 1990, there was strong research interest into the role of multinational enterprises
(MNEs) for economic restructuring and technological catching-up. Most of the existing
empirical studies on locational determinants of FDI and host country effects did not take
account of East Germany. This might be for different reasons: Firstly, theoretical and
empirical difficulties derive from the fact that East Germany followed a distinct transition
pattern as it became a region subsumed in a larger and more mature economy. Secondly,
East Germany received private investment from foreign as well as West German firms. Only
the first can be considered as a foreign direct investment (FDI). Finally, there had long been
a lack of micro data to adequately analyse the activities of corresponding firms from a
production as well as technological perspective.
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Regional Determinants of MNE’s Location Choice in Post-transition Economies
Andrea Gauselmann, Philipp Marek
Empirica,
Nr. 4,
2012
Abstract
This article focuses on the impact of agglomeration and labour market factors on the location choice of MNEs in post-transition economies. We compare data from 33 regions in East Germany, the Czech Republic and Poland using a mixed logit model on a sample of 4,343 subsidiaries for the time period between 2000 and 2010. The results show that agglomeration advantages, such as sectoral specialization as well as a region’s economic and technological performance prove to be some of the most important pull factors for FDI in post-transition regions.
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Heterogeneous FDI in Transition Economies – A Novel Approach to Assess the Developmental Impact of Backward Linkages
Axèle Giroud, Björn Jindra, Philipp Marek
World Development,
Nr. 11,
2012
Abstract
Traditional models of technology transfer via FDI rely upon technology gap and absorptive capacity arguments to explain host economies’ potential to benefit from technological spillovers. This paper emphasizes foreign affiliates’ technological heterogeneity. We apply a novel approach differentiating extent and intensity of backward linkages between foreign affiliates and local suppliers. We use survey data on 809 foreign affiliates in five transition economies. Our evidence shows that foreign affiliates’ technological capability, embeddedness and autonomy are positively related to knowledge transfer via backward linkages. In contrast to what is widely assumed, we find a non-linear relationship between extent of local sourcing and knowledge transfer to domestic suppliers.
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The Determinants of Inward Foreign Direct Investment in Business Services Across European Regions
Davide Castellani
Finanza e Statistica 104/2012,
2012
Abstract
The paper accounts for the determinants of inward foreign direct investment in business services across the EU-27 regions. Together with the traditional variables considered in the literature (market size, market quality, agglomeration economies, labour cost, technology, human capital), we focus on the role of forward linkages with manufacturing sectors and other service sectors as
attractors of business services FDI at the regional level. This hypothesis is based on the evidence that the growth of business services is mostly due to increasing intermediate demand by other services industries and by manufacturing industries and on the importance of geographical proximity for forward linkages in services.
To our knowledge, there are no studies investigating the role of forward linkages for the location of FDI. This paper aims therefore to fill this gap and add to the FDI literature by providing a picture of the specificities of the determinants of FDI in business services at the regional level. The empirical analysis draws upon the database fDi Markets, from which we selected projects having as a destination NUTS 2 European regions in the sectors of Business services over the period 2003-2008. Data on FDI have been matched with data drawn from the Eurostat Regio
database. Forward linkages have been constructed using the OECD Input/Output database. By estimating a negative binomial model, we find that regions specialised in those (manufacturing) sectors that are high potential users of business services attract more FDI than other regions. This confirms the role of forward linkages for the localisation of business service FDI, particularly in the case of manufacturing.
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