Regional origins of employment volatility: evidence from German states
Claudia M. Buch
CES IFO Working Paper No. 2296,
2008
Abstract
Greater openness for trade can have positive welfare effects in terms of higher growth. But increased openness may also increase uncertainty through a higher volatility of employment. We use regional data from Germany to test whether openness for trade has an impact on volatility. We find a downward trend in the unconditional volatility of employment, paralleling patterns for output volatility. The conditional volatility of employment, measuring idiosyncratic developments across states, in contrast, has remained fairly unchanged. In contrast to evidence for the US, we do not find a significant link between employment volatility and trade openness.
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An Assessment of Bank Merger Success in Germany
Michael Koetter
German Economic Review,
Nr. 2,
2008
Abstract
German banks have experienced a merger wave since the early 1990s. However, the success of bank mergers remains a continuous matter of debate.This paper suggests a taxonomy to evaluate post-merger performance on the basis of cost and profit efficiency (CE and PE). I identify successful mergers as those that fulfill simultaneously two criteria. First, merged institutes must exhibit efficiency levels above the average of non-merging banks. Second, banks must exhibit efficiency changes between merger and evaluation year above efficiency changes of non-merging banks. I assess the post-merger performance up to 11 years after the mergers and relate it to the transfer of skills, the adequacy to merge distressed banks and the role of geographical distance. Roughly every second merger is a success in terms of either CE or PE. The margin of success in terms of CE is narrow, as efficiency differentials between merging and non-merging banks are around 1 and 2 percentage points. PE performance is slightly larger. More importantly, mergers boost in particular the change in PE, thus indicating persistent improvements of merging banks to improve the ability to generate profits.
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Effects of “Democratic Control” on the Efficiency of Local Public Enterprises: Empirical Evidence for Water Suppliers in Eastern Germany
Peter Haug
Public Finance and Management,
Nr. 1,
2008
Abstract
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From University Town to Knowledge City: Strategies and Regulatory Hurdles in Germany
Peter Franz
Knowledge-Based Urban Development: Planning and Applications in the Information Era,
2008
Abstract
Im Bemühen um die Verbesserung ihrer Wirtschaftsleistung stellen Städte, die über Wissenschaftseinrichtungen verfügen, vermehrt Überlegungen an, diesen Standortfaktor als Grundlage für Stadtentwicklungsstrategien heranzuziehen.Ein Überblick über die quantitativen Voraussetzungen in, den deutschen Städten macht deutlich, dass sie gute Voraussetzungen für die Verfolgung einer derartigen „Knowledge city“-Strategie haben Eine Politikfeld-Analyse kommt zum Ergebnis, dass die Erfolgschancen einer „Knowledge city“-Strategie stark vom Geschick abhängen, Netzwerke zu knüpfen und Kooperationen einzuleiten. Eine besondere Hürde stellt bisher noch die geringe Autonomie der Hochschulen dar, was sich insbesondere im Vergleich zu den Universitäten in den USA herausstellt. Erste politische Reaktionen zeigen, daß die Problematik dieser Regulierungspraxis zunehmend erkannt wird und neue Hochschulgesetze einen Autonomiezuwachs von Wissenschaftseinrichtungen ermöglichen.
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National Report of Germany
Iciar Dominguez Lacasa
Inventory and analysis of national public policies that stimulate research in biotechnology, its exploitation and commercialisation by industry in Europe in the period 2002–2005,
2007
Abstract
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The Role of the Human Capital and Managerial Skills in Explaining the Productivity Gaps between East and West
Wolfgang Steffen, Johannes Stephan
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 11,
2007
Abstract
This paper assess determinants of productivity gaps between firms in the European transition countries and regions and firms in West Germany. The analysis is conducted at the firm level by use of a unique database constructed by field work. The determinants tested in a simple econometric regression model are focussed upon the issue of human capital and modern market-oriented management. The results are novel in as much as a solution was established for the puzzling results in related research with respect to a comparison of formal qualification between East and West. Furthermore, the analysis was able to establish that the kind of human capital and expertise mostly needed in the post-socialist firms are related to the particular requirements of a competitive marketbased economic environment. Finally, the analysis also finds empirical support for the role of capital deepening in productivity catch-up, as well as the case that the gaps in labour productivity are most importantly rooted in a more labour-intense production, which does not give rise to a competitive disadvantage.
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Determinants of Female Migration – The Case of German NUTS 3 Regions
Alexander Kubis, Lutz Schneider
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 12,
2007
Abstract
Our study examines the regional patterns and determinants of migration flows of young women. At the NUTS-3 regional level, i.e. the district level (Kreise), the German internal migration flows of the year 2005 are explored. From descriptive statistics it can be seen that peripheral regions in East Germany face the strongest migration deficit with respect to young women, whereas agglomerations in West Germany but also in the East benefit from an intense migration surplus within this group. An econometric analysis of determinants of regional migration flows gives evidence of the importance of labour market, family-related and educational migration motives. Generally speaking, young women tend to choose regions with good income and job opportunities, in addition they seem to be attracted by regions enabling an appropriate balance between family and career. Furthermore the existence of excellent educational facilities is a significant influence for young women’s migration. This educationally motivated type of migration generates a long lasting effect on the regional migration balance, especially when the educational opportunities in the destination region are associated with adequate career perspectives for high qualified female graduates. In view of considerable losses due to migration, the study shows various options for action. An important course of action is to incorporate policy measures improving regional employment and income opportunities. Secondly, extending vocational and academic offers addressed to women seems to be a suitable way to stimulate women’s immigration. Moreover, enhancing the social infrastructure, which contributes to a satisfactory work life balance, might attract young women or at least reduce the number of them leaving a region.
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Does Qualification Drive Innovation? A Microeconometric Analysis Using Linked-employer-employee Data
Bianca Brandenburg, Jutta Günther, Lutz Schneider
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 10,
2007
Abstract
Degree-level science and engineering skills as well as management and leadership skills are often referred to as a source of innovative activities within companies. Broken down by sectoral innovation patterns, this article examines the role of formal education and actual occupation for product innovation performance in manufacturing firms within a probit model. It uses unique micro data for Germany (LIAB) that contain detailed information about innovative activities and the qualification of employees. We find significant differences of the human capital endowment between sectors differentiated according to the Pavitt classification. Sectors with a high share of highly skilled employees engage in product innovation above average (specialized suppliers and science based industries). According to our hitherto estimation results, within these sectors the share of highly skilled employees does not, however, substantially increase the probability to be an innovative firm.
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Developing Collaborative Advantage: Preconditions and Restrictions for ‘Knowledge City’ Strategies in East Germany
Peter Franz
Institutions for Knowledge Generation and Knowledge Flows - Building Innovative Capabilities for Regions. Papers presented at the 10th Uddevalla Symposium 2007,
2007
Abstract
Auch in Deutschland ist der Trend zu beobachten, dass Städte, die als Standorte für Wissenschaftseinrichtungen dienen, diese Einrichtungen in neue wachstumsorientierte Entwicjklungsstrategien einbinden. Ein quantitativer Überblick zeigt, dass viele deutsche Städte über günstige Voraussetzungen für eine solche Strategie verfügen. Eine Analyse der verfügbaren politischen Instrumente zeigt, dass die politischen Akteure vor der Aufgabe stehen, ihre Fähigkeiten der Netzwerkanbahnung in eine komplexe Mehrebenen-Politik einzubringen. Im Vergleich mit der Situation US-amerikanischer Universitäten zeigt, dass deutsche Universitäten noch zu geringe Handlungsautonomie besitzen, was Kooperationen zwischen derkommunalen Ebene und der Universditätsebene behindert. Erste Beispiele der Deregulierung zeigen, dass diese Barrieren zukünftig überwunden werden können.
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Explaining Persistant Unemployment in Eastern Germany
Udo Ludwig, John B. Hall
Journal of Post Keynesian Economics,
Nr. 4,
2007
Abstract
Die anhaltend hohe Unterbeschäftigung in Ostdeutschland wird mit der im Vergleich zum Arbeitsangebot geringen Nachfrage der Unternehmen nach Arbeitskräften erklärt. Maßgeblich für die fehlenden Angebote an Arbeitsplätzen durch die Wirtschaft sind die hohe Kapitalintensität der Produktion sowie das mit der Re-Industrialisierung verbundene Spezialisierungsmuster der ostdeutschen Produktion.
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