The Roy-Borjas model predicts that international migrants are less educated than nonmigrants because the returns to education are generally higher in developing (migrant-sending) than in developed (migrant-receiving) countries. However, empirical evidence often shows the opposite. Using the case of Mexico-U.S. migration, we show that this inconsistency between predictions and empirical evidence can be resolved when the human capital of migrants is assessed using a two-dimensional measure of occupational skills rather than by educational attainment. Thus, focusing on a single skill dimension when investigating migrant selection can lead to misleading conclusions about the underlying economic incentives and behavioral models of migration.

The Roy-Borjas model predicts that international migrants are less educated than nonmigrants because the returns to education are generally higher in developing (migrant-sending) than in developed (migrant-receiving) countries. However, empirical evidence often shows the opposite. Using the case of Mexico-U.S. migration, we show that this inconsistency between predictions and empirical evidence can be resolved when the human capital of migrants is assessed using a two-dimensional measure of occupational skills rather than by educational attainment. Thus, focusing on a single skill dimension when investigating migrant selection can lead to misleading conclusions about the underlying economic incentives and behavioral models of migration.

Mehr als 30 Jahre nach der deutschen Wiedervereinigung sind die wirtschaftlichen Ressourcen der Bewohnerinnen und Bewohner Ostdeutschlands weiterhin deutlich geringer als in Westdeutschland. Ostdeutsche Löhne liegen immer noch knapp 30 Prozent unter den westdeutschen Löhnen. Das durchschnittliche Vermögen der ostdeutschen Haushalte beträgt weniger als 50 Prozent des westdeutschen Durchschnitts. Im Folgenden beleuchten wir Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten der Einkommens- und Vermögensverteilung in Ost- und Westdeutschland und diskutieren Gründe für das anhaltende ökonomische Gefälle.