A Market-based Measure for Currency Risk in Managed Exchange Rate Regimes
Stefan Eichler, Ingmar Roevekamp
Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money,
November
2018
Abstract
We introduce a novel currency risk measure based on American Depositary Receipts (ADRs). Using an augmented ADR pricing model, we exploit investors’ exposure to potential devaluation losses to derive an indicator of currency risk. Using weekly data for a sample of 807 ADRs located in 21 emerging markets over the 1994–2014 period, we find that a deterioration in the fiscal balance and higher inflation increase currency risk. Interaction models reveal that the fiscal balance and inflation drive the determination of currency risk for countries with poor sovereign rating, low foreign reserves, low capital account openness and managed float regimes.
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A Market-based Indicator of Currency Risk: Evidence from American Depositary Receipts
Stefan Eichler, Ingmar Roevekamp
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 4,
2016
Abstract
We introduce a novel currency risk measure based on American Depositary Receipts(ADRs). Using a multifactor pricing model, we exploit ADR investors’ exposure to potential devaluation losses to derive an indicator of currency risk. Using weekly data for a sample of 831 ADRs located in 23 emerging markets over the 1994-2014 period, we find that a deterioration in the fiscal and current account balance, as well as higher inflation, increases currency risk. Interaction models reveal that these macroeconomic fundamentals drive currency risk, particularly in countries with managed exchange rates, low levels of foreign exchange reserves and a poor sovereign credit rating.
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Exit Expectations and Debt Crises in Currency Unions
Alexander Kriwoluzky, G. J. Müller, M. Wolf
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 18,
2015
Abstract
Membership in a currency union is not irreversible. Exit expectations may emerge during sovereign debt crises, because exit allows countries to reduce their liabilities through a currency redenomination. As market participants anticipate this possibility, sovereign debt crises intensify. We establish this formally within a small open economy model of changing policy regimes. The model permits explosive dynamics of debt and sovereign yields inside currency unions and allows us to distinguish between exit expectations and those of an outright default. By estimating the model on Greek data, we quantify the contribution of exit expectations to the crisis dynamics during 2009 to 2012.
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Devaluation Expectations Based on Cross-listed Stocks: Evidence for Financial Crises in Argentina Then and Now
Stefan Eichler
Applied Economics Letters,
Nr. 10,
2014
Abstract
I use the relative prices of American Depositary Receipts and their underlying stocks to derive devaluation expectations. I find that stockholders currently perceive an overvalued peso. Devaluation expectations are driven by the incentive of competitive devaluation and sovereign default risk.
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Exchange Rate Regime, Real Misalignment and Currency Crises
Oliver Holtemöller, Sushanta Mallick
Economic Modelling,
Nr. 34,
2013
Abstract
Based on 69 sample countries, this paper examines the effect of macroeconomic fundamentals on real effective exchange rates (REER) in these sample countries. Using the misalignment of actual REER from its equilibrium level, we have estimated the factors explaining the extent of currency over- or under-valuation. Overall, we find that the higher the flexibility of the currency regime, the lower is the misalignment. The estimates are robust to different sub-samples of countries. We then explore the impact of such misalignment on the probability of a currency crisis in the next period, indicating the extent to which misalignment could be used as a leading indicator of a potential crisis. This paper thus makes a new contribution to the debate on the choice of exchange rate regime by bringing together real exchange rate misalignment and currency crisis literature.
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Währung ohne Souverän: Zur Ursache und Überwindung der Euro-Krise
Hubert Gabrisch
Leviathan - Berliner Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaft,
Nr. 1,
2013
Abstract
Ich argumentiere, dass eine Währung einen Souverän braucht, um Stabilität auf den Finanzmärkten und in der Realwirtschaft zu sichern. Andernfalls würde eine Währungsunion über kurz oder lang zerfallen. Insofern ist die aktuelle Krise des Euro-Raums auf das Fehlen eines Souveräns zurückzuführen. Die Theorie des optimalen Währungsraums bringt keine Erkenntnisse zur Überwindung der Krise, weil sie die Separierung von Geld und Staat als Grundlage hat. Auch deshalb liefert sie eher eine Begründung für Reformen wie den Fiskalpakt, dem zufolge fiskalische Operationen von der Einschätzung der Finanzmärkte abhängen sollen. Ich zeige, wie der Fiskalpakt im Gegenteil zu einer tiefen Rezession und zu einer dauerhaften Kluft zwischen Gläubiger- und Schuldnerländern führen wird. Notwendig ist vielmehr eine Transformation der Währungsunion in einen souveränen Währungsraum, in dem eine effektive Koordination von Geld- und Fiskalpolitik zwischen einer EU-Finanzbehörde und der Zentralbank im Sinne einer funktionalen Fiskalpolitik möglich wird.
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Mittel- und Osteuropa in der Weltfinanzkrise: Simultanes Auftreten von Banken- und Währungskrisen?
Diemo Dietrich, Axel Lindner, Tobias Knedlik
A. F. Michler, H. D. Smeets (Hrsg.), Die aktuelle Finanzkrise: Bestandsaufnahme und Lehren für die Zukunft. Schriften zu Ordnungsfragen der Wirtschaft, Bd. 93,
2011
Abstract
Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, ob in der Weltfinanzkrise die (Post-)transformationsländer Mittel- und Osteuropas durch Zwillingskrisen betroffen waren, ob also sowohl deren Währungen unter starken Abwertungsdruck gerieten als auch deren Bankensysteme nicht mehr in der Lage waren, ihre Intermediationsfunktionen wahrzunehmen. Hierbei wird den Besonderheiten dieser Länder insoweit Rechnung getragen, als dass die Struktur ihres Bankensektors und das Ausmaß ihrer internationalen Verschuldung berücksichtigt werden.
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What Can Currency Crisis Models Tell Us about the Risk of Withdrawal from the EMU? Evidence from ADR Data
Stefan Eichler
Journal of Common Market Studies,
Nr. 4,
2011
Abstract
We study whether ADR (American depositary receipt) investors perceive the risk that countries such as Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal or Spain could leave the eurozone to address financial problems produced by the sub-prime crisis. Using daily data, we analyse the impact of vulnerability measures related to currency crisis theories on ADR returns. We find that ADR returns fall when yield spreads of sovereign bonds or CDSs (credit default swaps) rise (i.e. when debt crisis risk increases); when banks' CDS premiums rise or stock returns fall (i.e. when banking crisis risk increases); or when the euro's overvaluation increases (i.e. when the risk of competitive devaluation increases).
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Stock Market-Induced Currency Crises: A New Type of Twins
Stefan Eichler, Dominik Maltritz
Review of Development Economics,
Nr. 2,
2011
Abstract
This paper explores the link between currency crises and the stock market in emerging economies. By integrating foreign stock market investors in a currency crisis model, we reveal a new fundamental inconsistency as a potential crisis trigger: since emerging economies' stock markets often have high returns, whereas central bank reserves grow slowly or decline, the amount of reserves foreign investors can deplete when selling their stocks and repatriating the proceeds grows over time and is considerably higher than funds that have been invested in the stock market. Capital withdrawals of foreign stock market investors can trigger currency crises by depleting central bank reserves, particularly in successful countries with booming stock markets and large foreign investment.
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