Bevölkerung und Arbeitsmarkt
Bevölkerung und Arbeitsmarkt Zu den Einwohnern und Einwohnerinnen gehören alle Personen (Deutsche und Ausländer/innen), die im Bundesgebiet (bzw. in einem Bundesland) ihren…
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Bruttoinlandsprodukt
Bruttoinlandsprodukt Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt umfasst den Wert aller innerhalb eines Wirtschaftsgebietes während einer bestimmten Periode produzierten Waren und Dienstleistungen.…
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Forschungsgruppen
Unsere Forschungsgruppen Anpassungsfähigkeit und Resilienz des Finanzsystems Banken, Regulierung und Anreizstrukturen Betriebliche Dynamiken und Beschäftigungsergebnisse Bildung,…
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Einkommen und Sparen
Einkommen und Sparen Primäreinkommen der privaten Haushalte Das Primäreinkommen der privaten Haushalte (einschließlich privater Organisationen ohne Erwerbszweck) enthält die…
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08.06.2023 • 15/2023
IWH-Insolvenztrend: Zahl der Firmenpleiten stabil, vor allem junge Unternehmen betroffen
Wie vom Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) prognostiziert, ist die Zahl der Insolvenzen von Personen- und Kapitalgesellschaften im Mai nicht weiter angestiegen. Zwei Drittel der insolventen Unternehmen waren höchstens zehn Jahre alt.
Steffen Müller
Lesen
Competition and Moral Behavior: A Meta-Analysis of Forty-Five Crowd-Sourced Experimental Designs
Anna Dreber, Felix Holzmeister, Sabrina Jeworrek, Magnus Johannesson, Joschka Waibel, Utz Weitzel, et al.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS),
Nr. 23,
2023
Abstract
Does competition affect moral behavior? This fundamental question has been debated among leading scholars for centuries, and more recently, it has been tested in experimental studies yielding a body of rather inconclusive empirical evidence. A potential source of ambivalent empirical results on the same hypothesis is design heterogeneity—variation in true effect sizes across various reasonable experimental research protocols. To provide further evidence on whether competition affects moral behavior and to examine whether the generalizability of a single experimental study is jeopardized by design heterogeneity, we invited independent research teams to contribute experimental designs to a crowd-sourced project. In a large-scale online data collection, 18,123 experimental participants were randomly allocated to 45 randomly selected experimental designs out of 95 submitted designs. We find a small adverse effect of competition on moral behavior in a meta-analysis of the pooled data. The crowd-sourced design of our study allows for a clean identification and estimation of the variation in effect sizes above and beyond what could be expected due to sampling variance. We find substantial design heterogeneity—estimated to be about 1.6 times as large as the average standard error of effect size estimates of the 45 research designs—indicating that the informativeness and generalizability of results based on a single experimental design are limited. Drawing strong conclusions about the underlying hypotheses in the presence of substantive design heterogeneity requires moving toward much larger data collections on various experimental designs testing the same hypothesis.
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Hollywood, Wall Street, and Mistrusting Individual Investors
Guido Lenz, Maximilian Mayer
Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,
June
2023
Abstract
Individual investors reduce their trading activity in financial markets after the release of negatively biased Hollywood movies related to financial markets. These movies regularly depict financial markets and professionals active in them as marked by greed and corruption (Lichter et al. 1997). This decline in trading activity at the extensive margin comes together with depressed investor sentiment marked by higher likelihoods and volumes of selling than of buying transactions by those investors still active. Their avoidance of investing in and tendency to trade out of stocks related to companies in the financial industry, as well as their shift from actively managed mutual funds to passive vehicles (ETFs), provide evidence for the deterioration of investors’ trust in the financial industry and its managers. This channel is in line with existing literature on subjective beliefs in investment decisions and the impact of biased media coverage, such as the negative depiction of financial markets, shareholders, and managers in Hollywood movies.
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23.05.2023 • 14/2023
Analyse von Finanzmarkt-Gesprächen: Schwafelnde Manager schaden dem Unternehmen
Verweigert eine Top-Führungskraft gegenüber Profi-Investoren die Auskunft, sinkt danach der Börsenwert des Unternehmens. Das zeigt eine Studie des Leibniz-Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) nach Auswertung von 1,2 Millionen Antworten aus Telefonkonferenzen.
Fabian Wöbbeking
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Long-run Competitive Spillovers of the Credit Crunch
William McShane
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 10,
2023
Abstract
Competition in the U.S. appears to have declined. One contributing factor may have been heterogeneity in the availability of credit during the financial crisis. I examine the impact of product market peer credit constraints on long-run competitive outcomes and behavior among non-financial firms. I use measures of lender exposure to the financial crisis to create a plausibly exogenous instrument for product market credit availability. I find that credit constraints of product market peers positively predict growth in sales, market share, profitability, and markups. This is consistent with the notion that firms gained at the expense of their credit constrained peers. The relationship is robust to accounting for other sources of inter-firm spillovers, namely credit access of technology network and supply chain peers. Further, I find evidence of strategic investment, i.e. the idea that firms increase investment in response to peer credit constraints to commit to deter entry mobility. This behavior may explain why temporary heterogeneity in the availability of credit appears to have resulted in a persistent redistribution of output across firms.
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Robots and Female Employment in German Manufacturing
Liuchun Deng, Steffen Müller, Verena Plümpe, Jens Stegmaier
American Economic Association Papers and Proceedings,
May
2023
Abstract
We analyze the impact of robot adoption on female employment. Our analysis is based on novel micro data on robot use by German manufacturing establishments linked with social security records. An event study analysis for robot adoption shows increased churning among female workers. Whereas hiring rises significantly at robot adoption, separations increase with a smaller magnitude one year later. Overall, employment effects are modestly positive and strongest for medium-qualified women. We find no adverse employment effects for female workers in any of our broad qualification groups.
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