14.10.2020 • 22/2020
Konjunktureinbruch in Ostdeutschland nicht so stark wie in Deutschland insgesamt – Implikationen der Gemeinschaftsdiagnose Herbst 2020 und amtlicher Länderdaten für Ostdeutschland
Die deutsche Wirtschaft hat sich nach dem pandemiebedingten drastischen Einbruch im Frühjahr 2020 zunächst rasch wiederbelebt. Im zweiten Halbjahr verliert die Erholung aber stark an Fahrt. Die Projektgruppe Gemeinschaftsdiagnose geht davon aus, dass das Produktionsniveau von vor der Krise erst wieder in der zweiten Hälfte des Jahres 2021 erreicht werden wird. Die ostdeutsche Konjunktur folgt im Prinzip diesem Muster; allerdings dürfte der Konjunktureinbruch hier etwas milder ausfallen.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Firm Wage Premia, Industrial Relations, and Rent Sharing in Germany
Boris Hirsch, Steffen Müller
ILR Review,
Nr. 5,
2020
Abstract
The authors use three distinct methods to investigate the influence of industrial relations on firm wage premia in Germany. First, ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions for the firm effects from a two-way fixed-effects decomposition of workers’ wages reveal that average premia are larger in firms bound by collective agreements and in firms with a works council, holding constant firm performance. Next, recentered influence function (RIF) regressions show that premia are less dispersed among covered firms but more dispersed among firms with a works council. Finally, in an Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition, the authors find that decreasing bargaining coverage is the only factor they consider that contributes to the marked rise in premia dispersion over time.
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Borrowers Under Water! Rare Disasters, Regional Banks, and Recovery Lending
Michael Koetter, Felix Noth, Oliver Rehbein
Journal of Financial Intermediation,
July
2020
Abstract
We show that local banks provide corporate recovery lending to firms affected by adverse regional macro shocks. Banks that reside in counties unaffected by the natural disaster that we specify as macro shock increase lending to firms inside affected counties by 3%. Firms domiciled in flooded counties, in turn, increase corporate borrowing by 16% if they are connected to banks in unaffected counties. We find no indication that recovery lending entails excessive risk-taking or rent-seeking. However, within the group of shock-exposed banks, those without access to geographically more diversified interbank markets exhibit more credit risk and less equity capital.
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The Value of Firm Networks: A Natural Experiment on Board Connections
Ester Faia, Maximilian Mayer, Vincenzo Pezone
CEPR Discussion Papers,
Nr. 14591,
2020
Abstract
This paper presents causal evidence of the effects of boardroom networks on firm value and compensation policies. We exploit exogenous variation in network centrality arising from a ban on interlocking directorates of Italian financial and insurance companies. We leverage this shock to show that firms whose centrality in the network rises after the reform experience positive abnormal returns around the announcement date and are better hedged against shocks. Information dissemination plays a central role: results are driven by firms that have higher idiosyncratic volatility, low analyst coverage, and more uncertainty surrounding their earnings forecasts. Firms benefit more from boardroom centrality when they are more central in the input-output network, hence more susceptible to upstream shocks, when they are less central in the cross-ownership network, or when they have low profitability or low growth opportunities. Network centrality also results in higher directors' compensation, due to rent sharing and improved executives' outside option, and more similar compensation policies between connected firms.
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02.10.2019 • 21/2019
Dank robuster Binnennachfrage fallen Belastungen durch die Industrierezession für Ostdeutschland geringer aus als für den Westen – Implikationen der Gemeinschaftsdiagnose Herbst 2019 und amtlicher Länderdaten für die ostdeutsche Wirtschaft
Die Projektgruppe Gemeinschaftsdiagnose konstatiert in ihrem Herbstgutachten 2019, dass sich die Konjunktur in Deutschland im laufenden Jahr weiter abgekühlt hat. Maßgeblich für die konjunkturelle Schwäche ist die Rezession in der Industrie. Von dieser ist auch die Wirtschaft in Ostdeutschland betroffen.
Oliver Holtemöller
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02.10.2019 • 20/2019
Gemeinschaftsdiagnose Herbst 2019: Konjunktur kühlt weiter ab – Industrie in der Rezession
Berlin, 2. Oktober 2019 – Die führenden deutschen Wirtschaftsforschungsinstitute haben ihre Konjunkturprognose für Deutschland deutlich nach unten korrigiert. Waren sie im Frühjahr noch von einer Zunahme des Bruttoinlandsprodukts von 0,8% im Jahr 2019 ausgegangen, erwarten sie nun nur noch 0,5%. Gründe für die schwache Entwicklung sind die nachlassende weltweite Nachfrage nach Investitionsgütern, auf deren Export die deutsche Wirtschaft spezialisiert ist, politische Unsicherheit und strukturelle Veränderungen in der Automobilindustrie. Die Finanzpolitik stützt hingegen die gesamtwirtschaftliche Expansion. Für das kommende Jahr senken die Konjunkturforscher ebenfalls ihre Prognose auf 1,1% nach noch 1,8% im Frühjahr.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Deleveraging and Consumer Credit Supply in the Wake of the 2008–09 Financial Crisis
Reint E. Gropp, J. Krainer, E. Laderman
International Journal of Central Banking,
Nr. 3,
2019
Abstract
We explore the sources of the decline in household nonmortgage debt following the collapse of the housing market in 2006. First, we use data from the Federal Reserve Board's Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey to document that, post-2006, banks tightened consumer lending standards more in counties that experienced a more pronounced house price decline (the pre-2006 "boom" counties). We then use the idea that renters did not experience an adverse wealth or collateral shock when the housing market collapsed to identify a general consumer credit supply shock. Our evidence suggests that a tightening of the supply of non-mortgage credit that was independent of the direct effects of lower housing collateral values played an important role in households' non-mortgage debt reduction. Renters decreased their non-mortgage debt more in boom counties than in non-boom counties, but homeowners did not. We argue that this wedge between renters and homeowners can only have arisen from a general tightening of banks' consumer lending stance. Using an IV approach, we trace this effect back to a reduction in bank capital of banks in boom counties.
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Payroll Taxes, Firm Behavior, and Rent Sharing: Evidence from a Young Workers' Tax Cut in Sweden
Emmanuel Saez, Benjamin Schoefer, David Seim
American Economic Review,
Nr. 5,
2019
Abstract
This paper uses administrative data to analyze a large employer-borne payroll tax rate cut for young workers in Sweden. We find no effect on net-of-tax wages of young treated workers relative to slightly older untreated workers, and a 2–3 percentage point increase in youth employment. Firms employing many young workers receive a larger tax windfall and expand right after the reform: employment, capital, sales, and profits increase. These effects appear stronger in credit-constrained firms. Youth-intensive firms also increase the wages of all their workers collectively, young as well as old, consistent with rent sharing of the tax windfall.
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