The Impact of Social Capital on Economic Attitudes and Outcomes
Iftekhar Hasan, Qing He, Haitian Lu
Journal of International Money and Finance,
November
2020
Abstract
This article traces the extant literature on the impact of social capital on economic attitudes and outcomes. Special attention is paid to clarify conceptual ambiguities, measurement techniques, channels of influence, and identification strategies. Insights derived from the literature are then used to analyze the marketplace lending industry in China, where the size of the peer-to-peer (P2P) lending market is larger than that of the rest of the world combined. Ironically, approximately two-thirds of these online P2P lending platforms have failed. Empirical evidence from the monthly operating data of 735 lending platforms and transaction level data from one prominent platform (Renrendai) shows that platforms in provinces with high social capital have low risk of failure, and borrowers in provinces with high social capital can borrow at low interest rate and are less likely to default. We also provide observations to guide future economic research on social capital.
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05.11.2020 • 23/2020
IWH-Insolvenztrend: Insolvenzzahlen steigen leicht, aber keine Insolvenzwelle trotz Rückkehr zur Antragspflicht
Die Zahl der Insolvenzen war im Oktober erneut sehr niedrig, lag jedoch leicht über den Zahlen von August und September. Für die kommenden beiden Monate rechnet das Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) mit weiter steigenden Zahlen, ohne dass es jedoch zu einer Insolvenzwelle kommt. Das Institut liefert mit dem IWH-Insolvenztrend ein monatliches Update zum bundesweiten Insolvenzgeschehen.
Steffen Müller
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Capital Misallocation and Innovation
Christian Schmidt, Yannik Schneider, Sascha Steffen, Daniel Streitz
SSRN Solutions Research Paper Series,
2020
Abstract
This paper documents that "zombie" lending by undercapitalized banks distorts competition and impedes corporate innovation. This misallocation of capital prevents both the exit of zombie and entry of healthy firms in affected industries adversely impacting output and competition. Worse, capital misallocation depresses patent applications, particularly in high technology- and R&D-intensive sectors, and industries with neck- and-neck competition. We strengthen our results using an IV approach to address reverse causality and innovation survey data from the European Commission. Overall, our results are consistent with externalities imposed on healthy firms through the misallocation of capital.
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Are Bank Capital Requirements Optimally Set? Evidence from Researchers’ Views
Gene Ambrocio, Iftekhar Hasan, Esa Jokivuolle, Kim Ristolainen
Journal of Financial Stability,
October
2020
Abstract
We survey 149 leading academic researchers on bank capital regulation. The median (average) respondent prefers a 10% (15%) minimum non-risk-weighted equity-to-assets ratio, which is considerably higher than the current requirement. North Americans prefer a significantly higher equity-to-assets ratio than Europeans. We find substantial support for the new forms of regulation introduced in Basel III, such as liquidity requirements. Views are most dispersed regarding the use of hybrid assets and bail-inable debt in capital regulation. 70% of experts would support an additional market-based capital requirement. When investigating factors driving capital requirement preferences, we find that the typical expert believes a five percentage points increase in capital requirements would “probably decrease” both the likelihood and social cost of a crisis with “minimal to no change” to loan volumes and economic activity. The best predictor of capital requirement preference is how strongly an expert believes that higher capital requirements would increase the cost of bank lending.
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14.10.2020 • 21/2020
Gemeinschaftsdiagnose Herbst 2020: Erholung verliert an Fahrt – Wirtschaft und Politik weiter im Zeichen der Pandemie
Die Corona-Krise hinterlässt deutliche Spuren in der deutschen Wirtschaft und trifft diese härter als noch im Frühjahr angenommen. In ihrem Herbstgutachten revidieren die führenden Wirtschaftsforschungsinstitute ihre Prognose für dieses und nächstes Jahr um jeweils gut einen Prozentpunkt nach unten. Sie erwarten nun für 2020 einen Rückgang des Bruttoinlandsproduktes um 5,4% (bislang -4,2%) und für 2021 einen Zuwachs um 4,7% (5,8%). 2022 dürfte die Wirtschaftsleistung dann um 2,7% zulegen.
Oliver Holtemöller
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06.10.2020 • 19/2020
IWH-Insolvenztrend: Zahl der Insolvenzen stabilisiert sich auf niedrigem Niveau, Anzahl der betroffenen Jobs hoch
Die Zahl der Insolvenzen war im September sehr niedrig, und auch für die kommenden Monate ist nicht mit einem spürbaren Anstieg zu rechnen. Dennoch liegt die Anzahl der von Unternehmensinsolvenzen betroffenen Jobs im September deutlich über dem Niveau zu Jahresbeginn. Das Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) liefert mit dem IWH-Insolvenztrend ein monatliches Update zum bundesweiten Insolvenzgeschehen.
Steffen Müller
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How Effective are Bank Levies in Reducing Leverage Given the Debt Bias of Corporate Income Taxation?
Franziska Bremus, Kirsten Schmidt, Lena Tonzer
SUERF Policy Brief,
Nr. 21,
2020
Abstract
To finance resolution funds, the regulatory toolkit has been expanded in many countries by bank levies. In addition, these levies are often designed to reduce incentives for banks to rely excessively on wholesale funding resulting in high leverage ratios. At the same time, corporate income taxation biases banks’ capital structure towards debt financing in light of the deductibility of interest on debt. A recent paper published in the Journal of Banking and Finance shows that the implementation of bank levies can significantly reduce leverage ratios, however, only in case corporate income taxes are not too high. The result demonstrates that the effectiveness of regulatory tools can depend upon non-regulatory measures such as corporate taxes, which differ at the country level.
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Interactions Between Bank Levies and Corporate Taxes: How is Bank Leverage Affected?
Franziska Bremus, Kirsten Schmidt, Lena Tonzer
Journal of Banking and Finance,
September
2020
Abstract
Regulatory bank levies set incentives for banks to reduce leverage. At the same time, corporate income taxation makes funding through debt more attractive. In this paper, we explore how regulatory levies affect bank capital structure, depending on corporate income taxation. Based on bank balance sheet data from 2006 to 2014 for a panel of EU-banks, our analysis yields three main results: The introduction of bank levies leads to lower leverage as liabilities become more expensive. This effect is weaker the more elevated corporate income taxes are. In countries charging very high corporate income taxes, the incentives of bank levies to reduce leverage turn insignificant. Thus, bank levies can counteract the debt bias of taxation only partially.
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07.09.2020 • 17/2020
IWH-Insolvenztrend: Zahl der Insolvenzen auf Tiefststand, Insolvenztrend künftig mit Vorschau
Die Zahl der Insolvenzen erreichte im August einen Tiefststand. Nach deutlichem Anstieg in den Vormonaten ist zudem die Anzahl der von Unternehmensinsolvenzen betroffenen Jobs im August erstmals wieder spürbar gesunken. Das Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) liefert mit dem IWH-Insolvenztrend ein monatliches Update zum bundesweiten Insolvenzgeschehen. Der Insolvenztrend wird nun um eine Vorschau für die jeweils kommenden beiden Monate erweitert.
Steffen Müller
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