Banking Market Competition, Opaque Firms, and the Reallocation Component of Aggregate Growth
R. Inklaar, Michael Koetter, Felix Noth
Abstract
Artikel Lesen
Passungsprobleme am Arbeitsmarkt: Zwischen Fachkräftemangel und unterwertiger Beschäftigung – Bericht vom 12. IWH/IAB-Workshop zur Arbeitsmarktpolitik
B. Christoph, N. Kracke, Ute Leber, Birgit Schultz
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 5,
2015
Abstract
Beim zwölften gemeinsamen Workshop des Leibniz-Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) und des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB) trafen sich am 12. und 13. Oktober 2015 Vertreterinnen und Vertreter aus Wissenschaft, Politik, Verwaltung und Wirtschaft, um über die fehlende Passung zwischen Arbeitsplatzerfordernissen und verfügbaren Qualifikationen der Arbeitnehmer zu diskutieren.
Artikel Lesen
How Does Industry Specialization Affect the Efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems?
Michael Fritsch, Viktor Slavtchev
Annals of Regional Science,
Nr. 1,
2010
Abstract
This study analyzes the relationship between the specialization of a region in certain industries and the efficiency of the region in generating new knowledge. The efficiency measure is constructed by relating regional R&D input and output. An inversely u-shaped relationship is found between regional specialization and R&D efficiency, indicating the presence of externalities of both Marshall and Jacobs’ type. Further factors influencing efficiency are externalities resulting from high R&D intensity of the local private sector as well as knowledge from local public research institutions. The impact of both the specialization and the additional factors is, however, different for regions at different efficiency levels.
Artikel Lesen
International Bank Portfolios: Short- and Long-run Responses to Macroeconomic Conditions
S. Blank, Claudia M. Buch
Review of International Economics,
Nr. 2,
2010
Abstract
International bank portfolios constitute a large component of international country portfolios. Yet, banks’ response to international macroeconomic conditions remains largely unexplored.We use a novel dataset on banks’ international portfolios to answer three questions. First, what are the long-run determinants of banks’ international portfolios? Second, how do banks’ international portfolios adjust to short-run macroeconomic developments? Third, does the speed of adjustment change with the degree of financial integration?We find that, in the long-run, market size has a positive impact on foreign assets and liabilities. An increase in the interest differential between the home and the foreign economy lowers foreign assets and increases foreign liabilities. Foreign trade has a positive impact on international bank portfolios, which is independent from the effect of other macroeconomic variables. Short-run dynamics show heterogeneity across countries, but these dynamics can partly be explained with gravity-type variables.
Artikel Lesen
Is East Germany Catching Up? A Time Series Perspective
Bernd Aumann, Rolf Scheufele
Post-Communist Economies,
2010
Abstract
This article assesses whether the economy of East Germany is catching up with the West German region in terms of welfare. While the primary measure for convergence and catching up is per capita output, we also look at other macroeconomic indicators such as unemployment rates, wage rates and production levels in the manufacturing sector. In contrast to existing studies of convergence between regions of the reunified Germany, our approach is based purely upon the time series dimension and is thus directly focused on the catching up process in East Germany as a region. Our testing set-up includes standard ADF unit root tests as well as unit root tests that endogenously allow for a break in the deterministic component of the process. We find evidence of catching up for East Germany for most of the indicators. However, the convergence speed is slow, and thus it can be expected that the catching up process will take further decades until the regional gap is closed.
Artikel Lesen
Cross-border Diversification in Bank Asset Portfolios
Claudia M. Buch, J.C. Driscoll, C. Ostergaard
International Finance,
im Erscheinen
Abstract
We compute optimally diversified international asset portfolios for banks located in France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States using the mean–variance portfolio model with currency hedging. We compare these benchmark portfolios with the actual cross-border asset positions of banks from 1995 to 2003 and ask whether the differences are best explained by regulations, institutions, cultural conditions or other financial frictions. Our results suggest that both culture and regulations affect the probability of a country's being overweighted in banks' portfolios: countries whose residents score higher on a survey measure of trust are more likely to be overweighted, while countries that have tighter capital controls are less likely to be overweighted. From a policy standpoint, the importance of culture suggests a limit to the degree of financial integration that may be achievable by the removal of formal economic barriers.
Artikel Lesen
Von der Intention zur Gründung - Gründerwettbewerbe in Deutschland
N. Waldmann, Michael Schwartz, Claus Michelsen
List Forum für Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik,
Nr. 4,
2010
Abstract
Die Realisierung von positiven Effekten technologieorientierter Existenzgründungen wird in vielen Fällen dadurch unterbunden, dass Unternehmensgründungen speziell in diesen Wirtschaftszweigen zwar geplant, aber zu selten tatsächlich umgesetzt werden. Um angehenden Unternehmensgründern den Schritt von der Intention hin zur tatsächlichen Umsetzung der Gründungsidee am Markt zu erleichtern, haben sich seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre vielfältige Gründerwettbewerbe etabliert. Gründerwettbewerbe sind im Kontext potentieller Gründer das wohl wichtigste Förderinstrument. Sie setzen an wesentlichen Aspekten einer geplanten Unternehmensgründung an und tragen zur kritischen Beurteilung und Verbesserung geplanter Geschäftskonzepte bei. Gegenwärtig können 61 Gründerwettbewerbe in Deutschland identifiziert werden. Ungeachtet ihrer Bedeutung in der Gründungspraxis wird sich bislang kaum damit auseinandergesetzt. Insbesondere zum Aspekt, inwiefern Gründerwettbewerbe potentiellen Unternehmensgründern signifikante Unterstützung zur langfristig erfolgreichen Umsetzung ihres Geschäftsmodells im Markt leisten, liegen gegenwärtig kaum belastbare Erkenntnisse vor. Der vorliegende Beitrag greift diese Themenstellung auf und legt erste Ergebnisse einer umfassenden Erhebung von Gründerwettbewerben in Deutschland vor, zeigt deren Entwicklung im Zeitablauf sowie die regionale Verteilung und stellt Auswertungen zu zentralen Wettbewerbscharakteristika dar. Darauf aufbauend erfolgt eine kritische Diskussion der wichtigsten, noch unbeantworteten, Fragen zur Beurteilung der Effektivität von Gründerwettbewerben, insbesondere im Hinblick auf ihren potentiellen Beitrag, eine geplante Unternehmensgründung auch tatsächlich umzusetzen.
Artikel Lesen
The out of sample performance of leading indicators for the German business cycle. Single vs combined forecasts
Christian Dreger, Christian Schumacher
Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis,
Nr. 1,
2005
Abstract
Artikel Lesen
Taking the First Step - What Determines German Laser Source Manufacturers' Entry into Innovation Networks?
Jutta Günther, Muhamed Kudic, Andreas Pyka
International Journal of Innovation Management,
Nr. 5,
2015
Abstract
Early access to technological knowledge embodied in the industry’s innovation network can provide an important competitive advantage to firms. While the literature provides much evidence on the positive effects of innovation networks on firms’ performance, not much is known about the determinants of firms’ initial entry into such networks. We analyze firms’ timing and propensity to enter the industry’s innovation network. More precisely, we seek to shed some light on the factors affecting the duration between firm founding and its first cooperation event. In doing so, we apply a unique longitudinal event history dataset based on the full population of German laser source manufacturers. Innovation network data stem from official databases providing detailed information on the organizations involved, subject of joint research and development (R&D) efforts as well as start and end times for all publically funded R&D projects between 1990 and 2010. Estimation results from a non-parametric event history model indicate that micro firms enter the network later than small-sized or large firms. An in-depth analysis of the size effects for medium-sized firms provides some unexpected findings. The choice of cooperation type makes no significant difference for the firms’ timing to enter the network. Finally, the analysis of geographical determinants shows that cluster membership can, but do not necessarily, affect a firm’s timing to cooperate.
Artikel Lesen
