Von der Transformation zur europäischen Integration:
Wachstumsfaktor Bildung besser nutzen – ein Tagungsbericht
Gerhard Heimpold
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 2,
2017
Abstract
Unter dem Titel „Von der Transformation zur europäischen Integration: Wachstumsfaktor Bildung besser nutzen“ hat das Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) gemeinsam mit Partnern aus Forschungseinrichtungen und Universitäten in Deutschland am 22. Februar 2017 Forschungsergebnisse zur besseren Nutzung von Bildung als Wachstumsfaktor vorgestellt und diskutiert. Der Präsident des IWH, Professor Reint E. Gropp, Ph.D., unterstrich, dass es Investitionen in Humankapital seien, die langfristig das Wirtschaftswachstum treiben. Andere Länder investierten deutlich mehr in Humankapital als Deutschland. Dies sollte zu denken geben.
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23.03.2017 • 16/2017
Konferenz für und von Nachwuchsökonomen
Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) und Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg richten das 22. Spring Meeting of Young Economists aus.
Von heute bis Samstag findet in Halle (Saale) das Spring Meeting of Young Economists (SMYE) statt, organisiert vom Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) und der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. Die Veranstaltung findet jährlich in unterschiedlichen europäischen Städten statt. Organisiert wird die renommierte Konferenz von der European Association of Young Economists (EAYE). Der Vorsitzende der EAYE, Stijn Baert, ist begeistert: “Der Organisation nach zu urteilen wird die Konferenz großartig werden!”
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Bank Response to Higher Capital Requirements: Evidence from a Quasi-natural Experiment
Reint E. Gropp, Thomas Mosk, Steven Ongena, Carlo Wix
Abstract
We study the impact of higher capital requirements on banks’ balance sheets and its transmission to the real economy. The 2011 EBA capital exercise provides an almost ideal quasi-natural experiment, which allows us to identify the effect of higher capital requirements using a difference-in-differences matching estimator. We find that treated banks increase their capital ratios not by raising their levels of equity, but by reducing their credit supply. We also show that this reduction in credit supply results in lower firm-, investment-, and sales growth for firms which obtain a larger share of their bank credit from the treated banks.
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Impulse Response Analysis in a Misspecified DSGE Model: A Comparison of Full and Limited Information Techniques
Sebastian Giesen, Rolf Scheufele
Applied Economics Letters,
Nr. 3,
2016
Abstract
In this article, we examine the effect of estimation biases – introduced by model misspecification – on the impulse responses analysis for dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models. Thereby, we use full and limited information estimators to estimate a misspecified DSGE model and calculate impulse response functions (IRFs) based on the estimated structural parameters. It turns out that IRFs based on full information techniques can be unreliable under misspecification.
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Asymmetric Investment Responses to Firm-specific Uncertainty
Julian Berner, Manuel Buchholz, Lena Tonzer
Abstract
This paper analyzes how firm-specific uncertainty affects firms’ propensity to invest. We measure firm-specific uncertainty as firms’ absolute forecast errors derived from survey data of German manufacturing firms over 2007–2011. In line with the literature, our empirical findings reveal a negative impact of firm-specific uncertainty on investment. However, further results show that the investment response is asymmetric, depending on the size and direction of the forecast error. The investment propensity declines significantly if the realized situation is worse than expected. However, firms do not adjust their investment if the realized situation is better than expected, which suggests that the uncertainty effect counteracts the positive effect due to unexpectedly favorable business conditions. This can be one explanation behind the phenomenon of slow recovery in the aftermath of financial crises. Additional results show that the forecast error is highly concurrent with an ex-ante measure of firm-specific uncertainty we obtain from the survey data. Furthermore, the effect of firm-specific uncertainty is enforced for firms that face a tighter financing situation.
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Bank Market Power, Factor Reallocation, and Aggregate Growth
R. Inklaar, Michael Koetter, Felix Noth
Journal of Financial Stability,
2015
Abstract
Using a unique firm-level sample of approximately 700,000 firm-year observations of German small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), this study seeks to identify the effect of bank market power on aggregate growth components. We test for a pre-crisis sample whether bank market power spurs or hinders the reallocation of resources across informationally opaque firms. Identification relies on the dependence on external finance in each industry and the regional demarcation of regional banking markets in Germany. The results show that bank markups spur aggregate SME growth, primarily through technical change and the reallocation of resources. Banks seem to need sufficient markups to generate the necessary private information to allocate financial funds efficiently.
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Public Bank Guarantees and Allocative Efficiency
Reint E. Gropp, Andre Guettler, Vahid Saadi
Abstract
In the wake of the recent financial crisis, many governments extended public guarantees to banks. We take advantage of a natural experiment, in which long-standing public guarantees were removed for a set of German banks following a lawsuit, to identify the real effects of these guarantees on the allocation of credit (“allocative efficiency”). Using matched bank/firm data, we find that public guarantees reduce allocative efficiency. With guarantees in place, poorly performing firms invest more and maintain higher rates of sales growth. Moreover, firms produce less efficiently in the presence of public guarantees. Consistently, we show that guarantees reduce the likelihood that firms exit the market. These findings suggest that public guarantees hinder restructuring activities and prevent resources to flow to the most productive uses.
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Kommentar: Manövriert sich die EZB in eine Falle?
Reint E. Gropp
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 1,
2015
Abstract
Die EZB hat am 22. Januar 2015 beschlossen, in großem Umfang Anleihen öffentlicher Institutionen aus dem Euroraum, darunter auch der Nationalstaaten, zu kaufen. Es gibt gute Gründe für diese Maßnahme: Marktbasierte mittelfristige Inflationserwartungen sind zuletzt deutlich gesunken, die Inflationsrate ist tendenziell rückläufig und war zuletzt sogar negativ. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer deflationären Spirale hat sich erhöht, mit unabsehbaren Folgen für die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung. Die schwache Verbraucherpreisentwicklung im Euroraum basiert auf mehreren Faktoren: der schleppenden Konjunkturentwicklung, fallenden Ölpreisen und fiskalpolitischer Konsolidierung in einigen Euroländern (Spanien, Portugal, Irland).
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Has Labor Income Become More Volatile? Evidence from International Industry-Level Data
Claudia M. Buch
German Economic Review,
Nr. 4,
2013
Abstract
Changes in labor market institutions and the increasing integration of the world economy may affect the volatility of capital and labor incomes. This article documents and analyzes changes in income volatility using data for 11 industrialized countries, 22 industries and 35 years (1970–2004). The article has four main findings. First, the unconditional volatility of labor income has declined in parallel to the decline in macroeconomic volatility. Second, the industry-specific, idiosyncratic component of labor income volatility has hardly changed. Third, cross-sectional heterogeneity is substantial. If anything, the labor incomes of high- and low-skilled workers have become more volatile relative to the volatility of capital incomes. Fourth, the volatility of labor income relative to the volatility of capital income declines in the labor share. Trade openness has no clear-cut impact.
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Banking Market Competition, Opaque Firms, and the Reallocation Component of Aggregate Growth
R. Inklaar, Michael Koetter, Felix Noth
Abstract
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