Macroeconomic Factors and Microlevel Bank Behavior
Claudia M. Buch, S. Eickmeier, Esteban Prieto
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,
Nr. 4,
2014
Abstract
We analyze the link between banks and the macroeconomy using a model that extends a macroeconomic VAR for the U.S. with a set of factors summarizing conditions in about 1,500 commercial banks. We investigate how macroeconomic shocks are transmitted to individual banks and obtain the following main findings. Backward-looking risk of a representative bank declines, and bank lending increases following expansionary shocks. Forward-looking risk increases following an expansionary monetary policy shock. There is, however, substantial heterogeneity in the transmission of macroeconomic shocks, which is due to bank size, capitalization, liquidity, risk, and the exposure to real estate and consumer loans.
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Changing Forces of Gravity: How the Crisis Affected International Banking
Claudia M. Buch, Katja Neugebauer, Christoph Schröder
ZEW Discussion Paper, No. 14-006,
2014
Abstract
The global financial crisis has brought to an end a rather unprecedented period of banks’ international expansion. We analyze the effects of the crisis on international banking. Using a detailed dataset on the international assets of all German banks with foreign affiliates for the years 2002-2011, we study bank internationalization before and during the crisis. Our data allow analyzing not only the international assets of the banks’ headquarters but also of their foreign affiliates. We show that banks have lowered their international assets, both along the extensive and the intensive margin. This withdrawal from foreign markets is the result of changing market conditions, of policy interventions, and of a weakly increasing sensitivity of banks to financial frictions.
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The Impact of Public Guarantees on Bank Risk-taking: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Reint E. Gropp, C. Gruendl, Andre Guettler
Review of Finance,
Nr. 2,
2014
Abstract
In 2001, government guarantees for savings banks in Germany were removed following a lawsuit. We use this natural experiment to examine the effect of government guarantees on bank risk-taking. The results suggest that banks whose government guarantee was removed reduced credit risk by cutting off the riskiest borrowers from credit. Using a difference-in-differences approach we show that none of these effects are present in a control group of German banks to whom the guarantee was not applicable. Furthermore, savings banks adjusted their liabilities away from risk-sensitive debt instruments after the removal of the guarantee, while we do not observe this for the control group. We also document that yield spreads of savings banks’ bonds increased significantly right after the announcement of the decision to remove guarantees, while the yield spread of a sample of bonds issued by the control group remained unchanged. The evidence implies that public guarantees may be associated with substantial moral hazard effects.
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Do Better Capitalized Banks Lend Less? Long-run Panel Evidence from Germany
Claudia M. Buch, Esteban Prieto
International Finance,
Nr. 1,
2014
Abstract
Higher capital features prominently in proposals for regulatory reform. But how does increased bank capital affect business loans? The real costs of increased bank capital in terms of reduced loans are widely believed to be substantial. But the negative real-sector implications need not be severe. In this paper, we take a long-run perspective by analysing the link between the capitalization of the banking sector and bank loans using panel cointegration models. We study the evolution of the German economy for the past 44 years. Higher bank capital tends to be associated with higher business loan volume, and we find no evidence for a negative effect. This result holds both for pooled regressions as well as for the individual banking groups in Germany.
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How Important are Hedge Funds in a Crisis?
Reint E. Gropp
FRBSF Economic Letters,
Nr. 11,
2014
Abstract
Before the 2007–09 crisis, standard risk measurement methods substantially underestimated the threat to the financial system. One reason was that these methods didn’t account for how closely commercial banks, investment banks, hedge funds, and insurance companies were linked. As financial conditions worsened in one type of institution, the effects spread to others. A new method that more accurately accounts for these spillover effects suggests that hedge funds may have been central in generating systemic risk during the crisis.
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Regional House Price Dynamics and Voting Behavior in the FOMC
Stefan Eichler, Tom Lähner
Economic Inquiry,
Nr. 2,
2014
Abstract
This paper examines the impact of house price gaps in Federal Reserve districts on the voting behavior in the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) from 1978 to 2010. Applying a random effects ordered probit model, we find that a higher regional house price gap significantly increases (decreases) the probability that this district's representative in the FOMC casts interest rate votes in favor of tighter (easier) monetary policy. In addition, our results suggest that Bank presidents react more sensitively to regional house price developments than Board members do.
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24.03.2014 • 11/2014
IWH gut aufgestellt: Vorstandsrat trifft wichtige Entscheidungen
Der Vorstandsrat des Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) hat in seiner heutigen Sitzung die Weichen für die Zeit nach dem Wechsel der IWH-Präsidentin Claudia Buch zur Bundesbank gestellt. Der Leiter der Abteilung Makroökonomik, Oliver Holtemöller, wurde in den Vorstand gewählt. Höchste Priorität hat für den Vorstandsrat eine zügige Regelung der Präsidentschaftsnachfolge. Die Präsidentschaft des IWH wird als gemeinsame Berufung mit der Universität Magdeburg in Kürze ausgeschrieben. Zur Ende 2014 anstehenden Evaluierung durch die Leibniz-Gemeinschaft soll bereits eine designierte Präsidentschaftsnachfolge das erfolgversprechende Zukunftskonzept des IWH vertreten können.
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14th IWH-CIREQ Macroeconometric Workshop: “Forecasting and Big Data“
Katja Drechsel
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 1,
2014
Abstract
Am 2. und 3. Dezember 2013 fand am IWH in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en économie quantitative (CIREQ), Montréal, und der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg der 14. IWH-CIREQ Macroeconometric Workshop statt. Im Rahmen des Workshops stellten Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen europäischer Universiäten und internationaler Organisationen, wie z. B. der Europäischen Zentralbank und der Europäischen Kommission sowie der spanischen, kanadischen und japanischen Zentralbanken, ihre neuesten Forschungsergebnisse im Bereich makroökonometrischer Modellierung und Prognose unter Berücksichtigung großer und komplexer Datenbanken vor. Auch wurden weitere makroökonomische Themen wie beispielsweise die Wirkung geldpolitischer Schocks oder Wechselkurs-Volatilitäten diskutiert.
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26.02.2014 • 6/2014
IWH-Präsidentin Buch soll Lautenschläger-Nachfolgerin werden
Mit großem Respekt und Bedauern nimmt das gesamte Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) die heutige Entscheidung des Bundeskabinetts zur Kenntnis, die IWH-Präsidentin Claudia Buch als Bundesbank-Vizepräsidentin zu nominieren. Die Annahme dieses Amtes wäre für Frau Buch mit der Niederlegung der Institutspräsidentschaft verbunden.
Pierre Azoulay
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Banks’ Financial Distress, Lending Supply and Consumption Expenditure
H. Evren Damar, Reint E. Gropp, Adi Mordel
Abstract
We employ a unique identification strategy linking survey data on household consumption expenditure to bank-level data to estimate the effects of bank financial distress on consumer credit and consumption expenditures. We show that households whose banks were more exposed to funding shocks report lower levels of non-mortgage liabilities. This, however, does not result in lower levels of consumption. Households compensate by drawing down liquid assets to smooth consumption in the face of a temporary adverse lending supply shock. The results contrast with recent evidence on the real effects of finance on firms’ investment and employment decisions.
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