EU Accession Countries’ Specialisation Patterns in Foreign Trade and Domestic Production - What can we infer for catch-up prospects?
Johannes Stephan
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 184,
2003
Abstract
This paper supplements prior analysis on ‘patterns and prospects’ (Stephan, 2003) in which prospects for the speed of future productivity growth were assessed by looking at the specialisation patterns in domestic production. This analysis adds the foreign trade sphere to the results generated in the prior analysis. The refined results are broadly in line with the results from the original analysis, indicating the robustness of our methods applied in either analysis. The most prominent results pertain to Slovenia and the Slovak Republic. Those two countries appear to be best suited for swift productivity catch-up from the viewpoint of sectoral specialisation. Poland and Estonia exhibit the lowest potentials. Only for the case of Poland would results suggest bleak prospects.
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Enterprise-related services in East-Germany – an investigation of the service sector statistics
Siegfried Beer
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 12,
2003
Abstract
Die unternehmensbezogenen Dienstleistungen haben sich in Ostdeutschland – nach Angaben der Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnung –seit 1990 beachtlich entwickelt. Ausdruck dafür ist u. a. die Zunahme der realen Bruttowertschöpfung um 9,5% (BIP: 4,9%) im Jahresdurchschnitt bis 2000. Aus der erstmalig vorliegenden Dienstleistungsstatistik (für 2000) ist zu entnehmen, dass die Unternehmen der unternehmensbezogenen Dienstleistungen in Ostdeutschland im Schnitt knapp neun Beschäftigte haben und damit nur geringfügig kleiner sind als die Unternehmen in Westdeutschland. Deutlich größer hingegen sind die Unterschiede in der durchschnittlichen Umsatzgröße und in der Produktivität (60% bzw. 45%). Dafür gibt es verschiedene Erklärungsansätze. Ein Hauptgrund besteht offenbar darin, dass die Unternehmen in Ostdeutschland niedrigere Erlöse wegen der deutlich geringeren Größe der Unternehmen erzielen, die diese Leistungen in Anspruch nehmen. Außerdem spielen die geringere Ertragskraft der nachfragenden Unternehmen, Unterschiede in der Branchenstruktur der unternehmensbezogenen Dienste und administrative Festlegungen zur Preisbildung eine Rolle.
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Environmental policy under product differentiation and asymmetric costs - Does leapfrogging occur and is it worth it?
Jacqueline Rothfels
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 124,
2000
Abstract
This paper studies the influence of environmental policies on environmental quality, domestic firms, and welfare. Point of departure is Porter’s hypothesis that unilateral environmental regulation may enhance the competitiveness of domestic firms. This hypothesis has recently received considerable support in theoretical analyses, especially if imperfectly competitive markets with strategic behavior on behalf of the agents are taken into account. Our work contributes to this literature by explicitely investigating the implications of asymmetric cost structures between a domestic and a foreign firm sector. We use a partial-equilibrium model of vertical product differentiation, where the consumption of a product causes environmental harm. Allowing for differentiated products, the domestic industry can either assume the market leader position or lag behind in terms of the environmental quality of the produced product. Assuming as a benchmark case that the domestic industry lags behind, we investigate the possibility of the government to induce leapfrogging of the domestic firm, i.e. a higher quality produced by the domestic firm after regulation than that of the competitor prior to regulation. It is shown that in the case of a cost advantage for the domestic firm in the production process the imposition of a binding minimum quality standard can serve as a tool to induce leapfrogging. In case of a cost disadvantage the same result can be achieved through an adequate subsidization of quality dependend production costs. Thus, careful regulation enables the domestic firm in both scenarios to better its competitive position against foreign competitors and to earn larger profits. Additionally, environmental quality and welfare can be enhanced.
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Current trends – West Germany: Gross domestic product on higher level after German unification
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 13,
1996
Abstract
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