07.01.2014 • 1/2014
IWH-Bauumfrage im vierten Quartal 2013: Baukonjunktur hält sich auf hohem Niveau
Das Geschäftsklima zum Jahresende 2013 bezeichnen die knapp 300 vom IWH befragten Bauunternehmen weiterhin als außerordentlich gut. So verharrt die Geschäftslage bei einem vergleichsweise milden Winterwetter auf einem Niveau, das bisher nur während des Baubooms Anfang der 1990er Jahre, während des milden Winters zum Jahreswechsel 2011/2012 sowie im Herbst dieses Jahres erreicht wurde. Die Bauproduktion und auch die Liquiditätsausstattung wurden von den Unternehmen sogar höher als im Quartal zuvor bewertet, die Baupreise blieben dagegen in etwa stabil.
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How Do Insured Deposits Affect Bank Risk? Evidence from the 2008 Emergency Economic Stabilization Act
Claudia Lambert, Felix Noth, Ulrich Schüwer
Abstract
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Taxes, Banks and Financial Stability
Reint E. Gropp
SAFE White Paper Series 6,
August
2013
Abstract
In response to the financial crisis of 2008/2009, numerous new taxes on financial institutions have been discussed or implemented around the world. This paper discusses the connection between the incidence of the taxes, their incentive effects, and policy makers’ objectives. Combining basic insights from banking theory with standard models of tax incidence shows that the incidence of such taxes will disproportionately fall on small and medium size enterprises. The arguments presented suggest it is unlikely that the taxes will have a beneficial impact on financial stability or raise significant amounts of revenue without increasing the cost of capital to bank dependent firms significantly.
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Macroeconomic Factors and Micro-Level Bank Risk
Claudia M. Buch
Bundesbank Discussion Paper 20/2010,
2010
Abstract
The interplay between banks and the macroeconomy is of key importance for financial and economic stability. We analyze this link using a factor-augmented vector autoregressive model (FAVAR) which extends a standard VAR for the U.S. macroeconomy. The model includes GDP growth, inflation, the Federal Funds rate, house price inflation, and a set of factors summarizing conditions in the banking sector. We use data of more than 1,500 commercial banks from the U.S. call reports to address the following questions. How are macroeconomic shocks transmitted to bank risk and other banking variables? What are the sources of bank heterogeneity, and what explains differences in individual banks’ responses to macroeconomic shocks? Our paper has two main findings: (i) Average bank risk declines, and average bank lending increases following expansionary shocks. (ii) The heterogeneity of banks is characterized by idiosyncratic shocks and the asymmetric transmission of common shocks. Risk of about 1/3 of all banks rises in response to a monetary loosening. The lending response of small, illiquid, and domestic banks is relatively large, and risk of banks with a low degree of capitalization and a high exposure to real estate loans decreases relatively strongly after expansionary monetary policy shocks. Also, lending of larger banks increases less while risk of riskier and domestic banks reacts more in response to house price shocks.
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Islamic Finance in Europe
Pierluigi Caristi, Stéphane Couderc, Angela di Maria, Filippo di Mauro, Beljeet Kaur Grewal, Lauren Ho, Sergio Masciantonio, Steven Ongena, Sajjad Zaher
ECB Occasional Paper,
No. 146,
2013
Abstract
Islamic finance is based on ethical principles in line with Islamic religious law. Despite its low share of the global financial market, Islamic finance has been one of this sector's fastest growing components over the last decades and has gained further momentum in the wake of the financial crisis. The paper examines the development of and possible prospects for Islamic finance, with a special focus on Europe. It compares Islamic and conventional finance, particularly as concerns risks associated with the operations of respective institutions, as well as corporate governance. The paper also analyses empirical evidence comparing Islamic and conventional financial institutions with regard to their: (i) efficiency and profitability; and (ii) stability and resilience. Finally, the paper considers the conduct of monetary policy in an Islamic banking context. This is not uncomplicated given the fact that interest rates - normally a cornerstone of monetary policy - are prohibited under Islamic finance. Liquidity management issues are thus discussed here, with particular reference to the euro area.
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IWH-Bauumfrage im vierten Quartal 2012: Lage stabil, Erwartungen aufwärtsgerichtet
Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2013
Abstract
Die Geschäftslage des ostdeutschen Baugewerbes ist im Schlussquartal 2012 in etwa stabil geblieben; die Geschäftsaussichten bis zur Jahresmitte 2013 hellen sich aber wieder deutlich auf. Dies ist das Gesamtergebnis der IWH-Umfrage unter ca. 300 ostdeutschen Bauunternehmen. Die Seitwärtsbewegung am aktuellen Rand ist angesichts der allgemeinen konjunkturellen Abschwächung, die sich vor allem in einer zurückhaltenden Investitionstätigkeit der Unternehmen äußert, eine vergleichsweise positive Nachricht. Dies zumal die Produktionsbehinderungen aufgrund des Wintereinbruches Mitte Dezember 2012 dämpfend gewirkt haben dürften. Die Aussichten am Bau bleiben dank eines weiter florierenden Wohnungsbaus auch alles in allem gut.
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03.01.2013 • 1/2013
IWH-Bauumfrage im vierten Quartal 2012: Lage stabil, Erwartungen aufwärtsgerichtet
Die Geschäftslage des ostdeutschen Baugewerbes ist im Schlussquartal 2012 in etwa stabil geblieben; die Geschäftsaussichten bis zur Jahresmitte 2013 hellen sich aber wieder deutlich auf. Das ist das Gesamtergebnis der IWH-Umfrage unter ca. 300 ostdeutschen Bauunternehmen. Die Seitwärtsbewegung am aktuellen Rand ist angesichts der allgemeinen konjunkturellen Abschwächung, die sich vor allem in einer zurückhaltenden Investitionstätigkeit der Unternehmen äußert, eine vergleichs-weise positive Nachricht. Dies zumal die Produktionsbehinderungen aufgrund des Wintereinbruches Mitte Dezember dämpfend gewirkt haben dürften. Die Aussichten am Bau bleiben dank eines weiter florierenden Wohnungsbaus auch alles in allem gut.
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The Role of Uncertainty in the Euro Crisis - A Reconsideration of Liquidity Preference Theory
Toralf Pusch
Journal of Post Keynesian Economics,
2013
Abstract
With the world financial crisis came the rediscovery of the active role fiscal policy could play in remedying the situation. More recently, the Euro Crisis, with its mounting funding costs facing governments of a number of Southern EU member states and Ireland, has called this strategy into question. Opposing this view, the main point of this contribution is to elaborate on the link between rising sovereign risk premia in the Eurozone and a major feature of the financial crisis - elevated uncertainty after the Lehman collapse. Theoretically, this link is developed with reference to Keynes' liquidity preference theory. The high explanatory power of rising uncertainty in financial markets and the detrimental effects of fiscal austerity on the evolution of sovereign risk spreads are demonstrated empirically by means of panel regressions and supplementary correlation analyses.
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Evidence on the Effects of Inflation on Price Dispersion under Indexation
Juliane Scharff, S. Schreiber
Empirical Economics,
No. 1,
2012
Abstract
Distortionary effects of inflation on relative prices are the main argument for inflation stabilization in macro models with sticky prices. Under indexation of non-optimized prices, those models imply a nonlinear and dynamic impact of inflation on the cross-sectional price dispersion (relative price or inflation variability, RPV). Using US sectoral price data, we estimate such a relationship between inflation and RPV, also taking into account the endogeneity of inflation by using two- and three-stage least-squares and GMM techniques, which turns out to be relevant. We find an effect of (expected) inflation on RPV, and our results indicate that average (“trend”) inflation is important for the RPV-inflation relationship. Lagged inflation matters for indexation in the CPI data, but is not important empirically in the PPI data.
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