Financial Linkages and Sectoral Business Cycle Synchronisation: Evidence from Europe
Hannes Böhm, Julia Schaumburg, Lena Tonzer
Abstract
We analyse whether financial integration between countries leads to converging or diverging business cycles using a dynamic spatial model. Our model allows for contemporaneous spillovers of shocks to GDP growth between countries that are financially integrated and delivers a scalar measure of the spillover intensity at each point in time. For a financial network of ten European countries from 1996-2017, we find that the spillover effects are positive on average but much larger during periods of financial stress, pointing towards stronger business cycle synchronisation. Dismantling GDP growth into value added growth of ten major industries, we observe that some sectors are strongly affected by positive spillovers (wholesale & retail trade, industrial production), others only to a weaker degree (agriculture, construction, finance), while more nationally influenced industries show no evidence for significant spillover effects (public administration, arts & entertainment, real estate).
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The Restructuring of the Agricultural Sector in Eastern Germany
Udo Ludwig
Schneider, Jürgen (Hrsg.): Einigkeit, Recht und Freiheit. 25 Jahre deutsche Wiedervereinigung (1990-2015). Eine ordnungs-theoretische Analyse, Beiträge zur Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte. Band 132.3, Stuttgart,
2017
Abstract
Der Beitrag behandelt die ostdeutschen Landwirtschaft als ein Musterbeispiel für einen gelungenen wirtschaftlichen Aufholprozess. Er zeigt anhand makroökonomischer Größen, wie die neu formierten Unternehmen nach dem institutionellen Umbau der Produktionsstätten und der Modernisierung des Produktionsapparates nicht nur Fuß unter marktwirtschaftlichen Verhältnissen gefasst haben, sondern ihre westdeutschen Konkurrenten infolge der Größenvorteile der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion an Wettbewerbsfähigkeit übertreffen.
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Plant-based Bioeconomy in Central Germany – A Mapping of Actors, Industries and Places
Wilfried Ehrenfeld, Frieder Kropfhäußer
Technology Analysis and Strategic Management,
No. 5,
2017
Abstract
The bioeconomy links industrial and agricultural research and production and is expected to provide growth, particularly in rural areas. However, it is still unclear which companies, research institutes and universities make up the bioeconomy. This makes it difficult to evaluate the policy measures that support the bioeconomy. The aim of this article is to provide an inventory of relevant actors in the three Central German states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. First we take an in-depth look at the different sectors, outline the industries involved, note the location and age of the enterprises and examine the distribution of important European industrial activity classification (NACE) codes. Our results underline the fact that established industry classifications are insufficient in identifying the plant-based bioeconomy population. We also question the overly optimistic statements regarding growth potentials in rural areas and employment potentials in general.
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The Share of Agriculture in Eastern Germany’s Economic Catching-up
Udo Ludwig
250 Jahre Leipziger Ökonomische Societät 1764 bis 2014. Vorträge zur Festveranstaltung. Mitteilungen Agrarwissenschaften 26,
2015
Abstract
Die Entwicklung der ostdeutschen Landwirtschaft ist ein Musterbeispiel für einen gelungenen wirtschaftlichen Aufholprozess. Während gesamtwirtschaftlich betrachtet der Leistungsrückstand der Neuen gegenüber den Alten Bundesländern seit Ende der 1990er Jahre kaum noch verringert wurde, bewahrt die Landwirtschaft bislang ihren in den vergangenen 20 Jahren errungenen Vorsprung. Produktion und Beschäftigung sind zwar in der Transformationsphase von der zentralen Planwirtschaft zur dezentralen Marktwirtschaft gegenüber der Lage am Ende der DDR deutlich gesunken. Nach dem institutionellen Umbau der Produktionsstätten und der Modernisierung ihres Produktionsapparates haben aber die neu formierten Unternehmen nicht nur Fuß unter marktwirtschaftlichen Verhältnissen gefasst, sondern ihre westdeutschen Konkurrenten im Kostenwettbewerb übertroffen. Hier schlägt die Kostendegression infolge der Größenvorteile der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion insbesondere im pflanzlichen Bereich zu Buche. Die Produktivität der Beschäftigten ist in einem Maße gestiegen, dass im Schnitt sogar höhere Löhne als in den alten Bundesländern gezahlt werden können. Anhaltende Modernisierung der Produktion und produktivitätsgerechte Entlohnung bilden die Grundlage für die Fortsetzung des Wachstumsprozesses der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion in der Zukunft. Die weitere Entfaltung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit darf nicht durch externe Eingriffe der Politik behindert werden.
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Plant-based Bioeconomy in Central Germany - Mapping of Actors, Industries and Places
Wilfried Ehrenfeld, Frieder Kropfhäußer
Abstract
The challenges facing the 21st century, presented by a growing global population, range from food security to sustainable energy supplies to the diminishing availability of fossil raw materials. An attempt to solve these problems is made by using the concept of bioeconomy. Plants, in particular, possess an important function in this context - they can be used either as a source of food or, in the form of biomass, for industrial or energy purposes. Linking industrial and agricultural research and production, bioeconomy provides growth potential, in particular in rural areas.
The aim of this article is therefore to outline the status of plant-based bioeconomy
in three states of Central Germany - Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia - and to compare this to German plant-based bioeconomy. We take an in-depth look at the different sectors and outline the industries involved, the location and age of the enterprises as well as the distribution of important NACE codes. In conclusion, we highlight the significant number of new or small enterprises and the high research and innovation rate of Central Germany. We also stress the future potential of Central German plant-based bioeconomy as well as the importance of a more plant-focusedview of the technology sector.
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Consequences, opportunities and challenges for modern biotechnology for Europe (BIO4EU) - TASK 2. Report 3
S. Gaisser, Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Thomas Reiss
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
No. 4,
2008
Abstract
Modern biotechnology is one of the key enabling technologies of the 21st century with a potentially wide range of applications in many sectors, including health, agriculture and industrial processes. Considering the potential of modern biotechnology to contribute to the achievement of major European Union policy goals, such as economic growth and job creation, public health, environmental protection and sustainable development, the European Parliament has requested the European Commission to carry out an assessment of modern biotechnology. The European Commission welcomed the initiative and announced to undertake a study “to conduct a cost benefit analysis of biotechnology and genetic engineering, including genetically modified organisms in the light of major European policy goals formulated in the Lisbon Strategy,
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Revenue Implications of Trade Liberalization
L. Ebrill, Reint E. Gropp, J. Stotsky
IMF Occasional Papers, No. 180,
No. 180,
1999
Abstract
In recent decades many countries have dismantled trade barriers and opened their economies to international competition. Trade liberalization is seen to promote economic efficiency, international competitiveness, and an expansion of trade, perhaps especially in imperfectly competitive markets. Yet despite this progress in trade liberalization, as evidenced by the conclusion of the Uruguay Round in 1994 and the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, trade barriers are still widespread. Some economies and some sectors (e.g., agriculture in many industrial countries) remain relatively insulated from the global economy by a variety of nontariff and tariff barriers, even as import substitution continues to lose ground as a strategy for economic development.
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Agricultural Technical Progress and the Development of a Dual Economy
Thorsten Wichmann
Externe Publikationen,
1996
Abstract
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