Price Competition between an Expert and a Non-Expert
Jan Bouckaert, Hans Degryse
International Journal of Industrial Organization,
No. 6,
2000
Abstract
This paper characterizes price competition between an expert and a non-expert. In contrast with the expert, the non-expert's repair technology is not always successful. Consumers visit the expert after experiencing an unsuccessful match at the non-expert. This re-entry affects the behavior of both sellers. For low enough probability of successful repair at the non-expert, all consumers first visit the non-expert, and a 'timid-pricing' equilibrium results. If the non-expert's repair technology performs well enough, it pays for some consumers to disregard the non-expert a visit. They directly go to the expert's shop, and an 'aggressive-pricing' equilibrium pops up. For intermediate values of the non-expert's successful repair a 'mixed-pricing' equilibrium emerges where the expert randomizes over the monopoly price and some lower price.
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Spillover effects and R&D co-operations - The influence of market structure
Anita Wölfl
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 122,
2000
Abstract
This paper examines empirically the role of market structure for the influence of spill-over effects on R&D-cooperations. The results of a microeconometric analysis, based on firm data on innovation, let in general presume that with intensified competition also the influence of spillovers on R&D-cooperation increases. However, competition seems to induce firms to search for effective firm-specific appropriation facilities first. Spillovers that are sufficiently high such that the internalisation effect from R&D-cooperation more than outweighs the competitive effect from research, only arise whenever firms are not able to protect their research results through any appropriation facility. Additionally, there is some evidence that spillover effects may even hinder firms from cooperating in R&D when there is intensive competition on the research stage.
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East German traffic infrastructure: Capital investment needs still high
Walter Komar
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2000
Abstract
Kreisbezogene Indikatoren der Anbindungsgüte an überregionale Verkehrsnetze und der Verbindungsgüte zu wichtigen Wirtschaftsregionen - gemessen in mittleren Fahrzeiten - zeigen, dass die ostdeutsche Infrastrukturausstattung trotz hoher Investitionen in die Verkehrswege noch immer deutlich unter dem westdeutschen Niveau liegt. Nach Schät-zungen mit Regressionsmodellen können Fahrzeitverkürzungen bedeutsame Impulse für private Investitionen in den neuen Ländern auslösen.
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Environmental policy and entrepreneurial adjustments under imperfect competition
Jacqueline Rothfels
Schriften des IWH,
No. 6,
2000
Abstract
Seit den 80er Jahren hat sich eine intensive Debatte um die Frage entwickelt, inwie weit sich unilaterale umweltpolitische Maßnahmen nachteilig auf heimische Unterneh men auswirken. Als Argument gegen solche Politiken wird häufig ins Feld geführt, daß sich die Produktionskosten erhöhen und damit die internationale Wettbewerbsposition der inländischen Unternehmen verschlechtert.
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External economic problems in Central and Eastern Europe continue despite improved growth prospects
Axel Brüggemann
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2000
Abstract
Mit der Überwindung der Asien- und Russlandkrise haben sich die Wachstumsaussichten der mittel- und osteuropäischen Länder verbessert. Die größten Erfolge konnten diejenigen Länder erzielen, die am konsequentesten Reformen durchgeführt haben. Gleichwohl bestehen für alle Länder wirtschaftspolitische Herausforderungen bei der Reduzierung außenwirtschaftlicher Ungleichgewichte.
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Transport infrastructure and competitiveness: The example of Central and Eastern European reform states
Thomas Meißner
Forschungsreihe,
No. 6,
1999
Abstract
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The Total Cost of Trading Belgian Shares: Brussels versus London
Hans Degryse
Journal of Banking and Finance,
No. 9,
1999
Abstract
Since 1990, London’s SEAQ International (SEAQ-I) has attracted considerable trading volume in Belgian equities. This paper investigates competition between the Brussels CATS market and London’s SEAQ-I. Toward this end, we gathered extensive limit order book data as well as transactions and quotation information. With regard to liquidity (indirect costs), measured by the quoted and effective bid–ask spread, the paper concludes that CATS outperforms SEAQ International for both measures. The effective spread is of course substantially smaller than the quoted spread, with the CATS effective spread showing a U-shaped form. This paper, unique in employing an extensive data set that includes all hidden orders and the whole limit order book, produces results in line with the different market microstructure models. Total trading costs on CATS are lower (higher) for small (large) trade sizes.
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Revenue Implications of Trade Liberalization
L. Ebrill, Reint E. Gropp, J. Stotsky
IMF Occasional Papers, No. 180,
No. 180,
1999
Abstract
In recent decades many countries have dismantled trade barriers and opened their economies to international competition. Trade liberalization is seen to promote economic efficiency, international competitiveness, and an expansion of trade, perhaps especially in imperfectly competitive markets. Yet despite this progress in trade liberalization, as evidenced by the conclusion of the Uruguay Round in 1994 and the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, trade barriers are still widespread. Some economies and some sectors (e.g., agriculture in many industrial countries) remain relatively insulated from the global economy by a variety of nontariff and tariff barriers, even as import substitution continues to lose ground as a strategy for economic development.
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The Importance of Standardization from a Competition Perspective
Ulrich Blum, G. Eickhoff, I. Junginger
Innovationsmanagement,
1999
Abstract
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The Czech Republic: Once model now crisis region
Axel Brüggemann
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 7,
1999
Abstract
Nach raschen Stabilisierungserfolgen zu Beginn der Transformation, offenbarte die Währungskrise vom Mai 1997 gravierende Schwächen der Tschechischen Reformpolitik. Zu lange wurden Strukturreformen auf Unternehmensebene und im Bankensektor verschleppt. Auch in Hinblick auf eine spätere EU Mitgliedschaft sind konsequente Reformschritte unausweichlich geworden.
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