Does Country Context Distance Determine Subsidiary Decision-making Autonomy? Theory and Evidence from European Transition Economies
Gjalt de Jong, Vo. van Dut, Björn Jindra, Philipp Marek
International Business Review,
2015
Abstract
We studied an underrepresented area in the international business (IB) literature: the effect of country context distance on the distribution of decision-making autonomy across headquarters and foreign affiliates. Foreign affiliates directly contribute to the competitive advantages of multinational enterprises, highlighting the importance of such intra-firm collaboration. The division of decision-making autonomy is a core issue in the management of headquarters–subsidiary relationships. The main contribution of our paper is that we confront two valid theoretical frameworks – business network theory and agency theory – that offer contradictory hypotheses with respect to the division of decision-making autonomy. Our study is among the first to examine this dilemma with a unique dataset from five Central and Eastern European transition countries. The empirical results provide convincing support for our approach to the study of subsidiary decision-making autonomy.
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Von der Transformation zur Europäischen Integration – 25 Jahre Wirtschaftsentwicklung in den Neuen Ländern – ein Tagungsbericht
Gerhard Heimpold, D. Lentfer
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 2,
2015
Abstract
Unter dem Titel „Von der Transformation zur Europäischen Integration – 25 Jahre Wirtschaftsentwicklung in den Neuen Ländern“ hat das Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) gemeinsam mit Partnern aus Universitäten in Mitteldeutschland am 18. Februar 2015 Forschungsergebnisse zu 25 Jahren Wirtschaftsentwicklung in den Neuen Ländern vorgestellt. Der Präsident des IWH, Prof. Reint E. Gropp, Ph.D., eröffnete die Tagung und ging auf einen Wandel im Verständnis von Transformation in der IWH-Forschung ein. Die institutionelle Transformation von der Zentralverwaltungs- in die Marktwirtschaft sei abgeschlossen. Angesichts des stagnierenden Aufholprozesses Ostdeutschlands müsse sich die IWH-Forschung nun um Transformation als Wachstumsprozess kümmern und untersuchen, wie Wachstum entsteht, was dabei fördernd oder hemmend wirkt und wie die Finanzmärkte zur effizienten Kapitalallokation beitragen.
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Do Manufacturing Firms Benefit from Services FDI? – Evidence from Six New EU Member States
J. Damijan, Crt Kostevc, Philipp Marek, Matija Rojec
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 5,
2015
Abstract
This paper focuses on the effect of foreign presence in the services sector on the productivity growth of downstream customers in the manufacturing sector in six EU new member countries in the course of their accession to the European Union. For this purpose, the analysis combines firm-level information, data on economic structures and annual national input-output tables. The findings suggest that services FDI may enhance productivity of manufacturing firms in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries through vertical forward spillovers, and thereby contribute to their competitiveness. The consideration of firm characteristics shows that the magnitude of spillover effects depends on size, ownership structure, and initial productivity level of downstream firms as well as on the diverging technological intensity across sector on the supply and demand side. The results suggest that services FDI foster productivity of domestic rather than foreign controlled firms in the host economy. For the period between 2003 and 2008, the findings suggest that the increasing share of services provided by foreign affiliates enhanced the productivity growth of domestic firms in manufacturing by 0.16%. Furthermore, the firms’ absorptive capability and the size reduce the spillover effect of services FDI on the productivity of manufacturing firms. A sectoral distinction shows that firms at the end of the value chain experience a larger productivity growth through services FDI, whereas the aggregate positive effect seems to be driven by FDI in energy supply. This does not hold for science-based industries, which are spurred by foreign presence in knowledge-intensive business services.
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Assessing European Competitiveness: The New CompNet Microbased Database
Paloma Lopez-Garcia, Filippo di Mauro
ECB Working Paper,
Nr. 1764,
2015
Abstract
Drawing from confidential firm-level balance sheets for 17 European countries (13 Euro-Area), the paper documents the newly expanded database of cross-country comparable competitiveness-related indicators built by the Competitiveness Research Network (CompNet). The new database provides information on the distribution of labour productivity, TFP, ULC or size of firms in detailed 2-digit industries but also within broad macrosectors or considering the full economy. Most importantly, the expanded database includes detailed information on critical determinants of competitiveness such as the financial position of the firm, its exporting intensity, employment creation or price-cost margins. Both the distribution of all those variables, within each industry, but also their joint analysis with the productivity of the firm provides critical insights to both policy-makers and researchers regarding aggregate trends dynamics. The current database comprises 17 EU countries, with information for 56 industries, including both manufacturing and services, over the period 1995-2012. The paper aims at analysing the structure and characteristics of this novel database, pointing out a number of results that are relevant to study productivity developments and its drivers. For instance, by using covariances between productivity and employment the paper shows that the drop in employment which occurred during the recent crisis appears to have had “cleansing effects” on EU economies, as it seems to have accelerated resource reallocation towards the most productive firms, particularly in economies under stress. Lastly, this paper will be complemented by four forthcoming papers, each providing an in-depth description and methodological overview of each of the main groups of CompNet indicators (financial, trade-related, product and labour market).
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Risikobewertung von Staatsanleihen im Euroraum während der Staatsschuldenkrise von Ansteckungseffekten getrieben
Manuel Buchholz, Lena Tonzer
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 1,
2015
Abstract
Die europäische Staatsschuldenkrise hat in vielen Ländern zu Zinsaufschlägen auf Staatsanleihen geführt. Dies war vor allem in den Jahren 2010 und 2011 in Ländern wie Griechenland, Italien oder Spanien zu beobachten. Zur gleichen Zeit blieben die Kreditrisiken deutscher oder französischer Staatsanleihen auf einem moderaten Niveau. Trotz der unterschiedlichen Entwicklung in den Niveaus findet man ein hohes Maß an Gleichbewegung von Kreditrisiken in den Ländern des Euroraums. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, inwieweit dies durch strukturelle Ähnlichkeiten, internationale Verflechtungen und globale Marktentwicklungen erklärt werden kann.
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Kommentar: Manövriert sich die EZB in eine Falle?
Reint E. Gropp
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 1,
2015
Abstract
Die EZB hat am 22. Januar 2015 beschlossen, in großem Umfang Anleihen öffentlicher Institutionen aus dem Euroraum, darunter auch der Nationalstaaten, zu kaufen. Es gibt gute Gründe für diese Maßnahme: Marktbasierte mittelfristige Inflationserwartungen sind zuletzt deutlich gesunken, die Inflationsrate ist tendenziell rückläufig und war zuletzt sogar negativ. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer deflationären Spirale hat sich erhöht, mit unabsehbaren Folgen für die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung. Die schwache Verbraucherpreisentwicklung im Euroraum basiert auf mehreren Faktoren: der schleppenden Konjunkturentwicklung, fallenden Ölpreisen und fiskalpolitischer Konsolidierung in einigen Euroländern (Spanien, Portugal, Irland).
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Zur Wirtschaftspolitik: Investitionen fördern – aber nicht allein mit mehr öffentlichen Mitteln!
Oliver Holtemöller, Konstantin Kiesel, Axel Lindner, Andreas Schmalzbauer, Götz Zeddies
Konjunktur aktuell,
Nr. 1,
2015
Abstract
Seit Ausbruch der europäischen Schulden- und Vertrauenskrise stellten sich der Wirtschaftspolitik in Deutschland vermeintlich ganz andere Aufgaben als auf europäischer Ebene. Es herrschte der Eindruck vor, dass Deutschland im Vergleich zu den Krisenländern strukturell gut aufgestellt sei. Der Rückgang der konjunkturellen Dynamik in Deutschland lenkt nunmehr die Aufmerksamkeit auch wieder verstärkt auf wirtschaftspolitische Herausforderungen im Inland.
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22.01.2015 • 4/2015
EZB-Staatsanleihekäufe: Langfristig sehr riskant – aber angesichts der akuten Gefahren für die Preisstabilität vertretbar
Die Europäische Zentralbank hat sich für den Kauf von Staatsanleihen in großem Umfang entschieden. Durch den damit verbundenen Rückgang der Umlaufsrendite von Staatsanleihen ist es wahrscheinlich, dass auch die Unternehmenszinsen gesenkt werden können. Dadurch würden mehr realwirtschaftliche Projekte rentabel und die Unternehmensinvestitionen zunehmen. Käufe von Staatsanleihen durch die Notenbank bringen zwar erhebliche Risiken mit sich, sind aber mit Blick auf die akuten Gefahren für die Geldpolitik vertretbar.
Reint E. Gropp
Oliver Holtemöller
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Corporate Governance Structures and Financial Constraints in Multinational Enterprises – An Analysis in Selected European Transition Economies on the Basis of the IWH FDI Micro Database 2013 –
Andrea Gauselmann, Felix Noth
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 3,
2015
Abstract
In our analysis, we consider the distribution of decision power over financing and investment between MNEs’ headquarters and foreign subsidiaries and its influence on the foreign affiliates’ financial restrictions. Our research results show that headquarters of multinational enterprises have not (yet) moved much decision power to their foreign subsidiaries at all. We use data from the IWH FDI Micro Database which contains information on corporate governance structures and financial restrictions of 609 enterprises with a foreign investor in Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania and East Germany. We match data from Bureau van Dijk’s AMADEUS database on financial characteristics. We find that a high concentration of decision power within the MNE’s headquarter implicates high financial restrictions within the subsidiary. Square term results show, however, that the effect of financial constraints within the subsidiary decreases and finally turns insignificant when decision power moves from headquarter to subsidiary. Thus, economic policy should encourage foreign investors in the case of foreign acquisition of local enterprises to leave decision power within the enterprise and in the case of Greenfield investment to provide the newly established subsidiaries with as much power over corporate governance structures as possible.
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Switching to Exchange Rate Flexibility? The Case of Central and Eastern European Inflation Targeters
Andrej Drygalla
FIW Working Paper,
Nr. 139,
2015
Abstract
This paper analyzes changes in the monetary policy in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland following the policy shift from exchange rate targeting to inflation targeting around the turn of the millennium. Applying a Markovswitching dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, switches in the policy parameters and the volatilities of shocks hitting the economies are estimated and quantified. Results indicate the presence of regimes of weak and strong responses of the central banks to exchange rate movements as well as periods of high and low volatility. Whereas all three economies switched to a less volatile regime over time, findings on changes in the policy parameters reveal a lower reaction to exchange rate movements in the Czech Republic and Poland, but an increased attention to it in Hungary. Simulations for the Czech Republic and Poland also suggest their respective central banks, rather than a sound macroeconomic environment, being accountable for reducing volatility in variables like inflation and output. In Hungary, their favorable developments can be attributed to a larger extent to the reduction in the size of external disturbances.
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