Evaluation of Subsidy Programmes

This research group focuses on two main research questions: (i) What is the causal effect of cooperative innovation activities on the performance of firms and regions? (ii) What are the causal effects of public Research and Development (R&D) support schemes on the performance of firms and regions? The first research question concerns the dynamics of firms and regions as a result of their different innovation activities. We apply a micro-based integrative perspective on innovative activities which allows identifying causal effects of cooperative activities on specific outcomes (e. g., patent applications, scientific publications, employment growth, or productivity growth). Concerning the second research question, recent studies mainly focus on the evaluation of one specific subsidy scheme. Research in this group aims to overcome this shortcoming by considering various support schemes. Indicators for the firms’ success are (amongst others) patent applications and employment growth. The results allow insights for the future design of innovation support schemes.

IWH Subsidy Database

Centre for Evidence-based Policy Advice (IWH-CEP)

Research Cluster
Economic Dynamics and Stability

Your contact

PD Dr Mirko Titze
PD Dr Mirko Titze
- Department Präsidialbereich
Send Message +49 345 7753-861

EXTERNAL FUNDING

09.2019 ‐ 09.2022

Establishing Evidence-based Evaluation Methods for Subsidy Programmes in Germany (EVA-KULT)

The project aims at expanding the Centre for Evidence-based Policy Advice at the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH-CEP).

see project's webpage

PD Dr Mirko Titze

01.2018 ‐ 12.2020

Networked growth - Innovative Saxony-Anhalt through digital business models (Competence Center 4.0)

PD Dr Mirko Titze

01.2017 ‐ 12.2018

Political Participation in Eastern Germany

Dr Matthias Brachert

12.2015 ‐ 11.2018

Socio-economic Effects of Research on Innovative Approaches for POC Diagnostics

Part of the EXASENS project. Coordinated by the Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) in Jena, nine Leibniz institutes are working together on researching point-of-care (POC) technology for the prediction and diagnosis of chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases. See press release.

Dr Matthias Brachert

02.2017 ‐ 02.2018

The Importance of Non-University Research Institutions for the Development of Firms and Regions (Be_For_Reg-Projekt)

PD Dr Mirko Titze

01.2015 ‐ 12.2016

Evaluation of the "Joint Task 'Improving the Regional Economic Structure'" in the Federal State of Saxony-Anhalt

PD Dr Mirko Titze

Refereed Publications

“Absurdes Ergebnis“ oder wissenschaftlich fundiert? Die Wahl der Konsolidierungsländer

Sabine Freye

in: List Forum für Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik, No. 2, 2009

Abstract

Im Sommer 2009 wurde von Bundestag und Bundesrat die Einführung der Schuldenbremse beschlossen. Im Rahmen der damit verbundenen Regelungen wurde zudem entschieden, den fünf am höchsten verschuldeten Bundesländern im Zeitraum von 2011 bis 2019 so genannte Konsolidierungshilfen zum Abbau ihrer strukturellen Verschuldung zu gewähren. Fragen nach der Auswahl der ‚Konsolidierungsländer‘, den verwendeten finanzwissenschaftlichen Indikatoren und deren Realitätsnähe hinsichtlich der tatsächlichen finanziellen Situation der Länderhaushalte blieben bisher allerdings unbeantwortet. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt an diesem Punkt an und zeigt, dass die Wahl der ‚Konsolidierungsländer‘ ein politischer Kompromiss zwischen Bund und Ländern war, der zum Teil finanzwissenschaftlich gestützt werden kann. Der Vergleich einzelner finanzstatistischer Kennzahlen deutet zusätzlich darauf hin, dass die finanzpolitischen Handlungsspielräume der Länder jedoch nicht allein von der Höhe des Schuldenstandes und den daraus resultierenden Zinsverpflichtungen sondern auch von der Wirtschaftsleistung eines Landes abhängen. Die Konsolidierungshilfen sind somit eine Hilfe zum Abbau der bestehenden strukturellen Schulden, aber keine Garantie dafür, dass die Länder über das Jahr 2019 hinaus die engen Grenzen der bundesdeutschen Schuldenbremse einhalten werden können.

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A Professor Like Me: The Influence of Instructor Gender on College Achievement

Florian Hoffmann Philip Oreopoulos

in: Journal of Human Resources, No. 2, 2009

Abstract

Many wonder whether teacher gender plays an important role in higher education by influencing student achievement and subject interest. The data used in this paper help identify average effects from male and female college students assigned to male or female teachers. We find instructor gender plays only a minor role in determining college student achievement. Nevertheless, the small effects provide evidence that gender role models matter to some college students. A same-sex instructor increases average grade performance by at most 5 percent of its standard deviation and decreases the likelihood of dropping a class by 1.2 percentage points.

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Soll die Höhe von Investitionszuschüssen an die Einführung von Umweltmanagementsystemen gekoppelt werden?

Mirko Titze

in: List Forum für Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik, No. 1, 2009

Abstract

In jeder arbeitsteiligen Gesellschaft ist Wirtschaftspolitik erforderlich. Im Rahmen der Wirtschaftspolitik wird versucht, ein komplexes Geflecht von Zielen zu erreichen. Es kann auch vorkommen, dass mit dem Erreichen eines Ziels ein anderes geschwächt wird. Dies ist Gegenstand des vorliegenden Beitrags. Konkret geht es um das Ziel Verbesserung der Wirtschaftsstruktur und das Umweltziel. Das Strukturziel wird in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland unter anderem über die Investitionszuschüsse im Rahmen der Gemeinschaftsaufgabe ‚Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsstruktur‘ verfolgt, die über die Länder ausgereicht werden. Einige Länder sind dazu übergegangen, die Gewährung von Investitionszuschüssen an Sekundärziele, zum Beispiel auch den Umweltschutz, zu knüpfen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt einen aktuellen Fall aus dem politischen Diskussionsprozess, in dem die Höhe des Fördersatzes an die Einführung von so genannten Umweltmanagementsystemen gebunden wird. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass unter bestimmten Konstellationen die Investitionstätigkeit gebremst wird und gleichzeitig Umweltmanagementsysteme nicht eingeführt werden. Damit hätte man beide Ziele nicht erreicht. Der bessere Weg bestünde in der direkten Unterstützung von Unternehmen, bei denen ein Umweltmanagementsystem sinnvoll ist, wie es bereits durch Programme auf Landesebene praktiziert wird.

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Professor Qualities and Student Achievement

Florian Hoffmann Philip Oreopoulos

in: Review of Economics and Statistics, No. 1, 2009

Abstract

This paper analyzes the importance of teacher quality at the college level. Instructors are matched to objective and subjective characteristics of teacher quality to estimate the impact of rank, salary, and perceived effectiveness on student performance and subject interest. Student and course fixed effects, time of day and week controls, and students' lack of knowledge about first-year instructors help minimize selection biases. Subjective teacher evaluations perform well in measuring instructor influences on students, while objective characteristics such as rank and salary do not. Overall, the importance of college instructor differences is small, but important outliers exist.

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Working Papers

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Who Benefits from Place-based Policies? Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data

Philipp Grunau Florian Hoffmann Thomas Lemieux Mirko Titze

in: IWH Discussion Papers, No. 11, 2024

Abstract

We study the wage and employment effects of a German place-based policy using a research design that exploits conditionally exogenous EU-wide rules governing the program parameters at the regional level. The place-based program subsidizes investments to create jobs with a subsidy rate that varies across labor market regions. The analysis uses matched data on the universe of establishments and their employees, establishment-level panel data on program participation, and regional scores that generate spatial discontinuities in program eligibility and generosity. These rich data enable us to study the incidence of the place-based program on different groups of individuals. We find that the program helps establishments create jobs that disproportionately benefit younger and less-educated workers. Funded establishments increase their wages but, unlike employment, wage gains do not persist in the long run. Employment effects estimated at the local area level are slightly larger than establishment-level estimates, suggesting limited spillover effects. Using subsidy rates as an instrumental variable for actual subsidies indicates that it costs approximately EUR 25,000 to create a new job in the economically disadvantaged areas targeted by the program.

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Employment Effects of Investment Grants and Firm Heterogeneity – Evidence from a Staggered Adoption Approach

Eva Dettmann Mirko Titze Antje Weyh

in: IWH Discussion Papers, No. 6, 2023

Abstract

This study estimates the establishment-level employment effects of investment grants in Germany. In addition to the average treatment effect for the treated, we focus on discrimination in the funding rules as potential source of effect heterogeneity. We combine the difference-in-differences approach of Callaway and Sant’Anna (2021) that explicitly models variation in treatment timing with a ties matching at the cohort level. We observe a positive effect of investment grants on employment development in the full sample. The subsample analysis yields strong evidence for effect heterogeneity due to firm characteristics and the economic environment.

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flexpaneldid: A Stata Toolbox for Causal Analysis with Varying Treatment Time and Duration

Eva Dettmann Alexander Giebler Antje Weyh

in: IWH Discussion Papers, No. 3, 2020

Abstract

The paper presents a modification of the matching and difference-in-differences approach of Heckman et al. (1998) for the staggered treatment adoption design and a Stata tool that implements the approach. This flexible conditional difference-in-differences approach is particularly useful for causal analysis of treatments with varying start dates and varying treatment durations. Introducing more flexibility enables the user to consider individual treatment periods for the treated observations and thus circumventing problems arising in canonical difference-in-differences approaches. The open-source flexpaneldid toolbox for Stata implements the developed approach and allows comprehensive robustness checks and quality tests. The core of the paper gives comprehensive examples to explain the use of the commands and its options on the basis of a publicly accessible data set.

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Who Benefits from GRW? Heterogeneous Employment Effects of Investment Subsidies in Saxony Anhalt

Eva Dettmann Mirko Titze Antje Weyh

in: IWH Discussion Papers, No. 27, 2017

Abstract

The paper estimates the plant level employment effects of investment subsidies in one of the most strongly subsidized German Federal States. We analyze the treated plants as a whole, as well as the influence of heterogeneity in plant characteristics and the economic environment. Modifying the standard matching and difference-in-difference approach, we develop a new procedure that is particularly useful for the evaluation of funding programs with individual treatment phases within the funding period. Our data base combines treatment, employment and regional information from different sources. So, we can relate the absolute effects to the amount of the subsidy paid. The results suggest that investment subsidies have a positive influence on the employment development in absolute and standardized figures – with considerable effect heterogeneity.

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Identifying the Effects of Place-based Policies – Causal Evidence from Germany

Matthias Brachert Eva Dettmann Mirko Titze

in: IWH Discussion Papers, No. 18, 2016

Abstract

The German government provides discretionary investment grants to structurally weak regions to reduce regional disparities. We use a regression discontinuity design that exploits an exogenous discrete jump in the probability of receiving investment grants to identify the causal effects of the investment grant on regional outcomes. We find positive effects for regional gross value-added and productivity growth, but no effects for employment and gross wage growth.

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