How Do Political Factors Shape the Bank Risk-Sovereign Risk Nexus in Emerging Markets?
Stefan Eichler
Review of Development Economics,
No. 3,
2017
Abstract
This paper studies the role of political factors for determining the impact of banking sector distress on sovereign bond yield spreads for a sample of 19 emerging market economies in the period 1994–2013. Using interaction models, I find that the adverse impact of banking sector distress on sovereign solvency is less pronounced for countries with a high degree of political stability, a high level of power sharing within the government coalition, a low level of political constraint within the political system, and for countries run by powerful and effective governments. The electoral cycle pronounces the bank risk–sovereign risk transfer.
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06.07.2017 • 28/2017
Politicians share responsibility for the risk of their state defaulting
Investors assume higher risks of default when a country is politically unstable or governed by a party at the left or right end of the political spectrum. However, according to findings obtained by Stefan Eichler from the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH), the more democratic the country is and the more it is integrated into the global economy, the lower is the impact that such political factors have.
Stefan Eichler
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IWH Report "2014-2016"
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
2017
Abstract
Das Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) befasst sich als unabhängiges Wirtschaftsinstitut seit seiner Gründung 1992 insbesondere mit dem Strukturwandel. Dieses weite Themenfeld ist für die Zukunft der Wirtschaft auf nationaler wie internationaler Ebene hoch relevant – von Fragen des Wachstums und der Angleichung zwischen Ost und West über die Rolle des Finanzsystems, den Umgang mit Krisen auf europäischer Ebene bis hin zu Arbeitsmarkt- und Bildungsfragen.
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Managerial Stability and the Pricing of New Equity Issuances: The Effects of State Enforcement of Noncompetition Agreements
Yin-chi Liao, Bill Francis, Iftekhar Hasan, Haizhi Wang
International Review of Entrepreneurship,
No. 2,
2017
Abstract
In this paper, we empirically investigate the relationship between managerial stability induced by the legal enforcement of noncompetition agreements and the pricing of new equity issuances. Making use of the variation in the enforceability of noncompetition contracts across states in the U.S., we find that managerial stability is negatively related to underpricing and price revision for our sample of new equity issuing firms. Our results demonstrate that the stability of management is important for an issuing firm to convey its intrinsic value credibly to the market.
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Broadening the G20 Financial Inclusion Agenda to Promote Financial Stability: The Role for Regional Banking Networks
Matias Ossandon Busch
G20 Insights Policy Brief, Policy Area "Financial Resilience",
2017
Abstract
Policies that foster the expansion of regional banking services can be an effective tool to enhance financial inclusion by facilitating the access to deposit services. Financial inclusion, in turn, can expand banks’ deposit base with positive spillovers for financial stability, both at the bank and country levels. Governments’ support to unconventional branching via correspondent banking, to the proportionality of regulation, and to the harmonization of banking services can provide the conditions to stimulate banks to reach customers that remain outside the financial system, especially in emerging countries. By encouraging these conditions within its Financial Inclusion Action Plan, the G20 could effectively link its financial inclusion and financial stability objectives within a consistent policy framework.
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Drivers of Systemic Risk: Do National and European Perspectives Differ?
Claudia M. Buch, Thomas Krause, Lena Tonzer
Abstract
In Europe, the financial stability mandate generally rests at the national level. But there is an important exception. Since the establishment of the Banking Union in 2014, the European Central Bank (ECB) can impose stricter regulations than the national regulator. The precondition is that the ECB identifies systemic risks which are not adequately addressed by the macroprudential regulator at the national level. In this paper, we ask whether the drivers of systemic risk differ when applying a national versus a European perspective. We use market data for 80 listed euro-area banks to measure each bank’s contribution to systemic risk (SRISK) at the national and the euro-area level. Our research delivers three main findings. First, on average, systemic risk increased during the financial crisis. The difference between systemic risk at the national and the euro-area level is not very large, but there is considerable heterogeneity across countries and banks. Second, an exploration of the drivers of systemic risk shows that a bank’s contribution to systemic risk is positively related to its size and profitability. It decreases in a bank’s share of loans to total assets. Third, the qualitative determinants of systemic risk are similar at the national and euro-area level, whereas the quantitative importance of some determinants differs.
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15.03.2017 • 13/2017
The German Economy: Employment Boom in Germany, but no Overheating of the Economy
Employment in Germany continues to increase healthily, and private consumption expands due to rising real incomes. Investment in equipment, however, remains modest. Overall, economic demand is expanding at roughly the growth rate of potential Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the output gap is nearly closed. “In 2017, GDP will increase by 1.3% and thus at a lower rate than in the previous year, but this is only due to fewer working days and not to sliding demand,” says Oliver Holtemoeller, Head of the Department Macroeconomics and IWH vice president.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Structural Reforms in Banking: The Role of Trading
Jan Pieter Krahnen, Felix Noth, Ulrich Schüwer
Journal of Financial Regulation,
No. 1,
2017
Abstract
In the wake of the recent financial crisis, significant regulatory actions have been taken aimed at limiting risks emanating from banks’ trading activities. The goal of this article is to look at the alternative reforms in the US, the UK and the EU, specifically with respect to the role of proprietary trading. Our conclusions can be summarized as follows: First, the focus on a prohibition of proprietary trading, as reflected in the Volcker Rule in the US and in the current proposal of the European Commission (Barnier proposal), is inadequate. It does not necessarily reduce risk-taking and it is likely to crowd out desired trading activities, thereby possibly affecting financial stability negatively. Second, trading separation into legally distinct or ring-fenced entities within the existing banking organizations, as suggested under the Vickers proposal for the UK and the Liikanen proposal for the EU, is a more effective solution. Separation limits cross-subsidies between banking and proprietary trading and diminishes contagion risk, while still allowing for synergies and risk management across banking, non-proprietary trading, and proprietary trading.
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Financial Transaction Taxes: Announcement Effects, Short-run Effects, and Long-run Effects
Sebastian Eichfelder, Mona Noack, Felix Noth
Abstract
We analyze the impact of the French 2012 financial transaction tax (FTT) on trading volumes, stock prices, liquidity, and volatility. We extend the empirical research by identifying FTT announcement and short-run treatment effects, which can distort difference-in-differences estimates. In addition, we consider long-run volatility measures that better fit the French FTT’s legislative design. While we find strong evidence of a positive FTT announcement effect on trading volumes, there is almost no statistically significant evidence of a long-run treatment effect. Thus, evidence of a strong reduction of trading volumes resulting from the French FTT might be driven by announcement effects and short-term treatment effects. We find evidence of an increase of intraday volatilities in the announcement period and a significant reduction of weekly and monthly volatilities in the treatment period. Our findings support theoretical considerations suggesting a stabilizing impact of FTTs on financial markets.
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11.01.2017 • 5/2017
IWH-Bauumfrage zum Jahresauftakt 2017: Bauunternehmen blicken mit großer Zuversicht in das Jahr 2017
Das Baugewerbe in Ostdeutschland dürfte das Jahr 2016 laut IWH-Umfrage bei 300 Bauunternehmen mit einem Umsatzplus abgeschlossen haben. Die vor Jahresfrist geäußerten Erwartungen der Unternehmen sind sogar übertroffen worden. Am günstigsten fällt der Jahresabschluss im Ausbaugewerbe aus. Wegen der stärkeren Orientierung nach Westdeutschland und dort günstigerer Preisüberwälzungsspielräume konnten in dieser Sparte erhebliche Produktionszuwächse und auch Gewinne erzielt werden.
Für das Jahr 2017 sind die Bauunternehmen recht zuversichtlich. Der Anteil der Unternehmen, die steigende Umsätze erwarten, fällt fast doppelt so hoch aus wie der Anteil von Unternehmen, die von schrumpfenden Umsätzen ausgehen. Diese Tendenz zieht sich durch alle Bausparten, was auf eine breit angelegte Ausweitung der Bauproduktion im Jahr 2017 hindeutet. Die entscheidenden Hoffnungsträger bleiben wie im Jahr zuvor der Wohnungsneubau und die Wohnungsmodernisierung, die vor allem den Hoch- und Ausbauunternehmen zugutekommen. Im Unterschied zu den Vorjahren überwiegen nunmehr aber auch im Tiefbau die Hoffnungen auf eine Expansion gegenüber der Furcht vor Rückgängen, was wohl auf die tendenziell steigenden Investitionen in die Verkehrsinfrastruktur und in den Breitbandausbau zurückzuführen ist. Die positiven Produktionserwartungen dürften im Jahr 2017 auch Zuwächse bei der Beschäftigung nach sich ziehen. Den stärksten Personalaufbau sieht dabei der Hochbau vor.
Brigitte Loose
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