The manufacturing sector in East German regions 20 years after German Unification – how sustainable is its economic structure?
Gerhard Heimpold
XII Meždunarodnaja naučnaja konferencija po problemam razvitija èkonimiki i obščestva. Red. Jasin, È. G., Nacionalnyj issledovatel’skij universitet /Vysšaja škola èkonomiki. Pri učasti vsemirnogo banka i meždunarodnogo valjutnogo fonda, Izd,
2012
Abstract
Nach einer massiven Deindustrialisierung in den frühen 1990er Jahren hat das ostdeutsche Verarbeitende Gewerbe wieder an Fahrt gewonnen. Vor diesem Hintergrund analysiert der Beitrag die dahinter stehenden intra-industriellen Branchen- und Funktionalstrukturen. Es zeigt sich, dass technologieintensive Zweige und hochwertige Dienstleistungsfunktionen unterrepräsentiert sind. Letzteres ist auch eine Folge des weitergehenden Fehlens von Headquarters in Ostdeutschland.
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Organization of EU Structural Policy in the Years 2007-20013 in Northwestern Germany, ed. by the German National Academy for Spatial Research and Planning
Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Raumforschung und Raumordnung,
No. 2,
2013
Abstract
In jüngster Zeit wird wieder einmal kontrovers über die Frage diskutiert, wie effizient und effektiv die strukturpolitischen Programme der EU bislang waren. Wichtige neue Impulse für diese Diskussion liefert der jetzt von einer Arbeitsgruppe der Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft für Bremen, Hamburg, Niedersachsen und Schleswig-Holstein der Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung vorgelegte Sammelband zur EU-Strukturpolitik in der noch laufenden Förderperiode (2007-2013) in den vier genannten nordwestdeutschen Ländern. Die theoretisch fundierten empirischen Untersuchungen zur Ausgestaltung der EU-Strukturpolitik im Nordwesten liefern wichtige Anregungen für die Politikgestaltung und dürften damit auch weit über Nordwestdeutschland hinaus ausstrahlen.
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Vierteljährliche Konjunkturberichterstattung für das Land Sachsen-Anhalt – Die gesamtwirtschaftliche Lage im 4. Quartal 2012 -
Brigitte Loose, Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Franziska Exß
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
No. 4,
2012
Abstract
In Sachsen-Anhalt ist die gesamtwirtschaftliche Produktion im vierten Quartal 2012 um 0,5% zurückgegangen, nachdem sie im dritten Quartal bereits um 0,3% geschrumpft war. Wie auch in Deutschland war die Wirtschaft im vergangenen Jahr zunehmend durch die Eurokrise belastet worden. Die Produktion im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe hat zum einen aufgrund der gesunkenen Exporte in wichtige Abnehmerländer des Euroraums nachgegeben. Zum anderen haben die Investitionsgüterhersteller und damit auch ihre Zulieferer die geringere Investitionsneigung der Unternehmen im Inland zu spüren bekommen. Gleichzeitig war die Bauproduktion rückläufig, die zum Teil witterungsbedingt, aber auch einem schwächelnden gewerblichen und öffentlichen Bau geschuldet war. Rück-gänge im Verlauf musste aber auch der Dienstleistungsbereich hinnehmen, deren konjunkturreagibelsten Sparten besonders kräftig nachgaben. So gingen angesichts der schwachen Industriekonjunktur die Wertschöpfung der Unternehmensdienstleister – hier vor allem die der Arbeitnehmerüberlassungen – sowie die der Verkehrsunternehmen besonders deutlich zurück. Dämpfende Impulse kamen wegen der demografischen Entwicklung nach wie vor von den öffentlichen Verwaltungen. Zugleich trug der Handel nur wenig zum Wachstum des Bruttoinlandsproduktes bei.
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Related Variety, Unrelated Variety and Regional Functions: A spatial panel approach
Matthias Brachert, Alexander Kubis, Mirko Titze
Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography,
2013
Abstract
The paper presents estimates for the impact of related variety, unrelated variety and the functions a region performs in the production process on regional employment growth in Germany. We argue that regions benefit from the existence of related activities that facilitate economic development. Thereby the sole reliance of the related and unrelated variety concept on standard industrial classifications (SIC) remains debatable. We offer estimations for establishing that conceptual progress can be made when the focus of analysis goes beyond solely considering industries. We develop an industry-function based approach of related and unrelated variety and test our hypothesis by the help of spatial panel approach. Our findings suggest that related variety as same as unrelated variety facilitate regional employment growth in Germany. However, the drivers behind these effects do differ. While the positive effect of related variety is driven by high degrees of relatedness in the regional “R&D” and “White-Collar”-functions, the effects of unrelated variety are spurred by “Blue Collar”-functions in this period.
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The GVAR Handbook: Structure and Applications of a Macro Model of the Global Economy for Policy Analysis
Filippo di Mauro, M. Hashem Pesaran
Oxford University Press,
2013
Abstract
The recent crisis has shown yet again how the world economies are globally interlinked, via a complex net of transmission channels. When it comes, however, to build econometric frameworks aimed at analysing such linkages, modellers are faced with what is called the "curse of dimensionality": there far too many parameters to be estimated with respect to the available observations. The GVAR, a VAR based model of the global economy, offers a solution to this problem. The basic model is composed of a large number of country specific models, comprising domestic, foreign and purely global variables. The foreign variables, however, are treated as weakly exogenous. This assumption, which is typically held when empirically tested for virtually all economies - with the notable exception of the US which is treated differently - allows to estimate first the individual country models separately. Only in a second stage country-specific models are simultaneously solved, thus allowing global interactions.This volume presents - for a first time in a compact and rather easy to read format - principles and structure of the basic GVAR model and a number of its many applications and extensions developed in the last few years by a growing literature. Its main objective is to show how powerful the model can be as a tool for forecasting and scenario analysis. The clear modelling structure of the GVAR appeals to policy makers and practitioners as shown by its growing use among major institutions, as well as by econometricians, as shown by the main extensions and applications.
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Natural-resource or Market-seeking FDI in Russia? An Empirical Study of Locational Factors Affecting the Regional Distribution of FDI Entries
K. Gonchar, Philipp Marek
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 3,
2013
Abstract
This paper conducts an empirical study of the factors that affect the spatial distribution of foreign direct investment (FDI) across regions in Russia; in particular, this paper is concerned with those regions that are endowed with natural resources and market-related benefits. Our analysis employs data on Russian firms with a foreign investor during the 2000-2009 period and linked regional statistics in the conditional logit model. The main findings are threefold. First, we conclude that one theory alone is not able to explain the geographical pattern of foreign investments in Russia. A combination of determinants is at work; market-related factors and the availability of natural resources are important factors in attracting FDI. The relative importance of natural resources seems to grow over time, despite shocks associated with events such as the Yukos trial. Second, existing agglomeration economies encourage foreign investors by means of forces generated simultaneously by sector-specific and inter-sectoral externalities. Third, the findings imply that service-oriented FDI co-locates with extraction industries in resource-endowed regions. The results are robust when Moscow is excluded and for subsamples including only Greenfield investments or both Greenfield investments and mergers and acquisitions (M&A).
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How does Institutional Setting Affect the Impact of EU Structural Funds on Economic Cohesion? New Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe
Marina Grusevaja, Toralf Pusch
Journal of Common Market Studies,
2012
Abstract
Structural Funds are the main instrument of the EU Cohesion Policy. Their effective use is subject to an ongoing debate in political and scientific circles. European fiscal assistance under this heading should promote economic and social cohesion in the member states of the European Union. Recently the domestic institutional capacity to absorb, to distribute and to invest Structural Funds effectively has become a crucial determinant of the cohesion process and has attracted attention of the scientific community. The aim of this study is to shed light on the effectiveness of Structural Funds in the countries of the first Central and Eastern European enlargement round in 2004. Using regional data for these countries we have a look on the impact of several institutional governance variables on the effectiveness of Structural Funds. In the interpretation of results reference is made to regional economics. Results of the empirical analysis indicate an influence of certain institutional variables on the effectiveness of Structural Funds in the new member states.
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Regions as Selection Environments? The Emergence of the Solar Industry in Germany from 1992 to 2008
Matthias Brachert, Christoph Hornych, Peter Franz
European Planning Studies,
No. 11,
2013
Abstract
The spatial evolution of the German solar industry is analysed in the light of the “window of locational opportunity” and the “selection environment” approach. The paper argues that differences in the regions' ability to promote the emergence of local external economies contribute to increasing regional differentiation in the German structure of the industry. Applied empirical methods enclose longitudinal firm entry and network analysis. A special focus is given upon the realignment processes in the science system. Our findings show a relatively rapid spatial concentration of production in eastern Germany since the year 2000. This process is accompanied by intensified networking between firms and between firms and universities as well as research institutes. The responsiveness of regional institutions and the self-organizing capabilities of the solar firms substantiate some propositions of the “selection environment” approach.
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Vierteljährliche Konjunkturberichterstattung für das Land Sachsen-Anhalt – Die gesamtwirtschaftliche Lage im 3. Quartal 2012 –
Brigitte Loose, Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Franziska Exß
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
No. 3,
2012
Abstract
In Sachsen-Anhalt hat das Bruttoinlandsprodukt im dritten Quartal nochmals nachgegeben. Im saison- und kalenderbereinigten Verlauf hat sich die Abwärtsbewegung zwar zuletzt etwas abgeflacht, bleibt aber weiterhin deutlich schwächer als in Deutschland insgesamt. Gegenüber Jahresfrist war die Produktionsdynamik aufgrund eines Basiseffektes zuletzt sogar deutlich rückläufig. Rückgänge im Verlauf mussten das Verarbeitende Gewerbe und auch der Dienstleistungsbereich hinnehmen, während das Baugewerbe nach den Verlusten im ersten Halbjahr wieder etwas Terrain zurückgewinnen konnte. Insgesamt bleibt Sachsen-Anhalts Wirtschaft damit erneut hinter der Entwicklung in Deutschland zurück. Die Hauptgründe sind weiterhin struktureller Natur.
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