Aktuelle Trends: Ungewöhnliche Zeiten in der Geldpolitik: Niedriges Zinsniveau begleitet von hohen Zentralbankreserven
Kirsten Schmidt, Lena Tonzer
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 6,
2016
Abstract
Mit dem Ausbruch der Finanzkrise 2007/2008 und der sich anschließenden Staatsschuldenkrise kam es zu zahlreichen Veränderungen in der Implementierung der Geldpolitik im Euroraum. Oberstes Ziel der Europäischen Zentralbank (EZB) ist dabei die Wahrung der Preisstabilität und ein funktionierender Geldtransmissionsmechanismus.
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State Aid and Guarantees in Europe
Reint E. Gropp, Lena Tonzer
T. Beck, B. Casu (eds): The Palgrave Handbook of European Banking, London,
2016
Abstract
During the recent financial crisis, governments massively intervened in the banking sector by providing liquidity assistance and capital support to banks in distress. This helped stabilize the financial system in the short run. However, public bailouts also bear the risk of longer-term distortions, for example, by affecting bailout expectations of banks. In this chapter, the authors first provide an overview of state aid interventions during the recent crisis episode. The third section then analyzes the effects of state aid on financial stability from a theoretical view. This is followed by the description of results obtained from empirical studies. The link between the provision of state aid and politics is discussed in the section “Institutional Design and Policy Implications”. Finally, in the section “The European Banking Union” the authors describe the elements of the European Banking Union meant to resolve and restructure banks in distress and to lower the need for public intervention. Based on the preceding analysis, conclusions are drawn regarding the new design.
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European Bank Efficiency and Performance: The Effects of Supranational Versus National Bank Supervision
Rients Galema, Michael Koetter
T. Beck, B. Casu (eds): The Palgrave Handbook of European Banking, London,
2016
Abstract
This chapter explores European bank efficiency and performance. First, the authors provide an overview of the key estimation methods for efficiency and discuss selected applications to the European banking sector. Second, they apply stochastic frontier analysis to investigate the extent to which the reallocation of supervisory powers is associated with efficiency differences between European banks. In doing so, the discussion focuses particularly on whether direct supervision by the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) as opposed to national competent authority (NCA) is related to cost and profit efficiency.
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The European Refugee Crisis and the Natural Rate of Output
Katja Heinisch, Klaus Wohlrabe
Abstract
The European Commission follows a harmonized approach for calculating structural (potential) output for EU member states that takes into account labor as an important ingredient. This paper shows how the recent huge migrants inflow to Europe affects trend output. Due to the fact that the immigrants immediately increase the working population but effectively do not enter the labor market, we illustrate that the potential output is potentially upward biased without any corrections. Taking Germany as an example, we find that the average medium-term potential growth rate is lower if the migration flow is modeled adequately compared to results based on the unadjusted European Commission procedure.
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Taxing Banks: An Evaluation of the German Bank Levy
Claudia M. Buch, Björn Hilberg, Lena Tonzer
Journal of Banking and Finance,
November
2016
Abstract
Bank distress can have severe negative consequences for the stability of the financial system. Regimes for the restructuring and resolution of banks, financed by bank levies, aim at reducing these costs. This paper evaluates the German bank levy, which has been implemented since 2011. Our analysis offers three main insights. First, revenues raised through the levy were lower than expected. Second, the bulk of the payments were contributed by large commercial banks and by the central institutions of savings banks and credit unions. Third, for those banks, which were affected by the levy, we find evidence for a reduction in lending and higher deposit rates.
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Kommentar: Wen die Götter bestrafen wollen, dessen Gebete erhören sie
Reint E. Gropp
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 4,
2016
Abstract
Die Europäische Zentralbank (EZB) hat in ihrer Ratssitzung am 8. September dieses Jahres entschieden, die Zinsen auf absehbare Zeit auf dem gegenwärtigen niedrigen Niveau zu halten, und hält sich offen, das Anleihekaufprogramm über den März 2017 hinaus zu verlängern. Sie kauft weiterhin monatlich Staatsanleihen und andere Wertpapiere im Wert von 80 Milliarden Euro, ist aber auch noch zu weiterem Handeln bereit – alles andere wäre auch ein falsches Signal gewesen. Eine Verlängerung des Ankaufprogramms nicht in Aussicht zu stellen – und damit implizit auch ein Ende der Niedrigzinsphase in Betracht zu ziehen –, dies hätten die Märkte als Signal zum Ausstieg aus der aktuellen Geldpolitik gedeutet. Das wiederum hätte sich umgehend auf Zinsen und Vermögenswerte ausgewirkt und wäre zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt hochproblematisch. Denn noch immer liegt die Inflationsrate deutlich unter dem Zielwert der EZB von 2%.
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09.09.2016 • 37/2016
Comment: IWH President Reint E. Gropp: ECB resists its critics and maintains its asset purchase programme. Leaving the option for a further extension is completely reasonable.
Some observers, including recently a number of major banks, are criticising the European Central Bank (ECB) for maintaining its asset purchase program, currently scheduled to run until March of 2017 and leaving the option open to extend it further.
Reint E. Gropp
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11.08.2016 • 34/2016
2016 stress tests: Italian banks don’t look worse than German large commercial banks
The European Banking Authority today presented the results of the 2016 stress tests. They show that most European banks appear more or less stable. “What worries me is, however, that the Italian banks do not look worse than the large German commercial banks,” says Reint E. Gropp, president of the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH). “It appears that both Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank would benefit significantly from an increase in equity. The stress test was also missing two crucial points: One, the effect of a long lasting low interest rate environment on banks was not simulated. And second, the test did not take into consideration that many small institutions could fail at the same time. This is not an unlikely scenario, given how small banks in particular struggle with shrinking interest margins,“ says Gropp. Finally, the stress test should not distract from the urgency to solve the problems in the Italian banking system.
Reint E. Gropp
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IWH President: Why London Will Remain Europe’s Most Relevant Financial Center. Three Arguments.
Reint E. Gropp
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
2016
Abstract
„Der Finanzplatz London wird trotz Brexit seine dominante Position in Europa behalten. Das hat zum einen die Einführung des Euro gelehrt, liegt aber auch an den maßgeblichen Standortfaktoren Londons: der Größe der Stadt, der regulatorischen Umgebung und dem Humankapital“, so Professor Reint E. Gropp, Präsident des Leibniz-Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH).
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