Development of tax revenues in the new Länder - an east-west comparison -
Kristina vanDeuverden
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 196,
2004
Abstract
Im Jahr 2003 lagen die steuerlichen Einnahmen in den neuen Bundesländer bei 30% ihres entsprechenden Niveaus in den alten Bundesländern. Die vorliegende Untersuchung ist eine Bestandsaufnahme. Sie zeigt die Strukturen und die Anpassungsprozesse seit der Vereinigung und sie erklärt, warum eine weitergehende Angleichung vor dem Hintergrund geltender Gesetze nicht zu erwarten war – und auch in den nächsten Jahren nicht zu erwarten ist.
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Empirical methods for analysising the risks of financial crises
Axel Brüggemann, Thomas Linne
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 3,
2003
Abstract
he vulnerability against financial crises of EU candidate countries and other Central and East European countries is on the agenda of the Institute for Economic Research Halle. Research concentrates on the developing of effective early warning indicators and includes a strong orientation on quantitative methods. This volume presents selected methods for the analyse of financial fragility. The finding complete the signals approach, which is used by the IWH for routine checks of the risk potential of EU candidate an other countries of the region. The four studies presented here were written by the scientific staff of the IWH and by guest researchers. Their objective is to deepen insights into selected problems of financial fragility by using alternative methods.
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Recent Developments and Risks in the Euro Area Banking Sector
Reint E. Gropp, Jukka M. Vesala
ECB Monthly Bulletin,
2002
Abstract
This article provides an overview of euro area banks’ exposure to risk and examines the effects of the cyclical downturn in 2001. It describes the extent to which euro area banks’ risk profile has changed as a result of recent structural developments, such as an increase in investment banking, mergers, securitisation and more sophisticated risk management techniques. The article stresses that the environment in which banks operated in 2001 was fairly complex due to the relatively weak economic performance of all major economies as well as the events of 11 September in the United States. It evaluates the effects of these adverse circumstances on banks’ stability and overall performance. The article provides bank balance sheet information as well as financial market prices, arguing that the latter may be useful when assessing the soundness of the banking sector in a forward-looking manner. It concludes with a review of the overall stability of euro area banks, pointing to robustness in the face of the adverse developments in 2001 and the somewhat improved forward-looking indicators of banks’ financial strength in early 2002.
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Economic Development 2002 and 2003: Investments – The Achilles Heel of the Economy
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 10,
2002
Abstract
Der Aufsatz analysiert und prognostiziert die konjunkturelle Entwicklung in der Weltwirtschaft und im speziellen in Deutschland in ausführlicher Form für das laufende Jahr 2002 und das Folgejahr 2003. Die Weltwirtschaft hat im Winterhalbjahr 2001/2002 ihr Tief überwunden. Allerdings ist der konjunkturelle Aufschwung an der Investitionstätigkeit vorbeigegangen und wurde in den USA vom Konsum und in den restlichen großen Wirtschaftsregionen vom Export voran getrieben. Im weiteren Verlauf dieses und des nächsten Jahres werden die Investoren, in Deutschland und Europa aber auch die Konsumenten, allmählich ihr Vertrauen wieder gewinnen. Ein moderater Aufschwung auf breitere Basis, der im Verlauf des Jahres 2003 nachlassen wird, ist die Folge. In Deutschland hat die Lohnpolitik ihren moderaten Kurs verlassen, sodass zwar aufgrund der sich verbessernden Konjunkturlage gegen Ende des Jahres 2002 der Abbau der Beschäftigung nach lässt und im kommenden Jahr ein Aufbau zu verzeichnen ist, allerdings wird sich der Arbeitsmarkt nicht in gleichem Maße verbessern wie noch im Aufschwung 1999/2000. Die Finanzpolitik wird während des gesamten Prognosezeitraums wegen der Konsolidierungsbemühungen weiterhin restriktiv wirken. Da sich die konjunkturelle Situation deutlich verbessert hat wird die EZB, trotz der geringen Inflationsgefahren, den wichtigsten Refinanzierungssatz noch in 2002 um 1/2 Prozentpunkt anheben. Allerdings ist von der Geldpolitik im ganzen, aufgrund der weiterhin niedrigen Realzinsen, nicht mit einer restriktiven Wirkung zu rechnen. Die wichtigsten Daten der Weltwirtschaft und Deutschlands sind in detaillierten Tabellen enthalten.
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Are the Central and Eastern European Transition Countries still vullnerable to an Financial Crisis? Results from the Signals Approach
Axel Brüggemann, Thomas Linne
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 157,
2002
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to analyse the vulnerability of the Central and Eastern European accession countries to the EU as well as that of Turkey and Russia to a financial crisis. Our methodology is an extension of the signals approach. We develop a composite indicator to measure the evolution of the risk potential in each country. Our findings show that crises in Central and Eastern Europe are caused by much the usual suspects as in others emerging markets. In particular an overvalued exchange rate, weak exports and dwindling currency reserves have good predictive power for assessing crisis vulnerabilities.
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Analysing UDROP: An instrument for stabilizing the international financial architecture
Axel Lindner
International Finance,
No. 1,
2001
Abstract
This paper analyses implications of a proposal, called UDROP, to reform the standards of international debt contracts. The idea is to give borrowers a roll-over option at maturity for a specified length of time. Using recently developed models of financial crises, the paper shows for which type of crisis UDROP is beneficial. Moral hazard of the borrower is one of the problems UDROP faces which can be addressed by appropriately designing the debt contract.
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Rating Agency Actions and the Pricing of Debt and Equity of European Banks: What Can we Infer About Private Sector Monitoring of Bank Soundness?
Reint E. Gropp, A. J. Richards
Economic Notes,
No. 3,
2001
Abstract
The recent consultative papers by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has raised the possibility of an explicit role for external rating agencies in the assessment of the credit risk of banks’ assets, including interbank claims. Any judgement on the merits of this proposal calls for an assessment of the information contained in credit ratings and its relationship to other publicly available information on the financial health of banks and borrowers. We assess this issue via an event study of rating change announcements by leading international rating agencies, focusing on rating changes for European banks for which data on bond and equity prices are available. We find little evidence of announcement effects on bond prices, which may reflect the lack of liquidity in bond markets in Europe during much of our sample period. For equity prices, we find strong effects of ratings changes, although some of our results may suffer from contamination by contemporaneous news events. We also test for pre-announcement and post-announcement effects, but find little evidence of either. Overall, our results suggest that ratings agencies may perform a useful role in summarizing and obtaining non-public information on banks and that monitoring of banks’ risk through bond holders appears to be relatively limited in Europe. The relatively weak monitoring by bondholders casts some doubt on the effectiveness of a subordinated debt requirement as a supervisory tool in the European context, at least until bond markets are more developed.
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Further development and application of an early warning indicator system for observing and evaluating financial crises in prospective EU acceding countries and selected Central and Eastern European countries
Axel Brüggemann, Thomas Linne
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 4,
2001
Abstract
Seit Beginn der 1990er Jahre haben mehrere der Beitrittskandidatenländer für eine Mitgliedschaft in der Europäischen Union (EU) sowie Russland und die Ukraine Finanzkrisen durchlaufen. Das jüngst betroffene Land ist die Türkei, wo im November 2000 eine schwerwiegende Finanzkrise ausbrach und deren Folgen immer noch nicht gänzlich absehbar sind. Die Finanzkrisen umfassten dabei sowohl Währungskrisen als auch Bankenkrisen. Eine wichtige Rolle für den Ausbruch von Währungskrisen spielte die oftmalige Fixierung des Wechselkurses mit dem Ziel, das Preisniveau zu stabilisieren. Bei allerdings anhaltend hohen Inflationsraten mündete diese Politik in einer realen Aufwertung der inländischen Währungen und in einem Anstieg der Leistungsbilanzdefizite.
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Foreign banks in economic development: Experiences from the regulated financial system of South Korea
Ralf Müller
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 110,
2000
Abstract
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Labor Market Analysis and Public Policy: The Case of Morocco
Guillermo Hakim, Julia Lane, Javier Miranda
World Bank Economic Review,
No. 3,
1999
Abstract
This article uses detailed industry and household data to understand why Morocco's labor market performed poorly in 1985–95. The data indicate that marked structural changes and weak demand in the product market were responsible. This article makes two contributions to the literature. The first is specific: it underscores that the demand for labor is a derived demand and that the performance of the product market is an important determinant of the performance of the labor market. The second is more general: it demonstrates that this kind of microeconomic analysis, using data sets that are often available in developing countries, can inform policy design.
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