Alternatives to GDP - Measuring the Impact of Natural Disasters using Panel Data
Jörg Döpke, Philip Maschke
Journal of Economic and Social Measurement,
No. 3,
2016
Abstract
A frequent criticism of GDP states that events that obviously reduce welfare of people can nevertheless increase GDP per capita. We use data of natural disasters as quasi experiments to examine whether alternatives to GDP (Human Development Index, Progress Index, Index of Economic Well-Being and a Happiness Index) lead to more plausible responses to disasters. Applying a Differences-in-Differences approach and estimates from various panels of countries we find no noteworthy differences between the response of real GDP per capita and the responses of suggested alternative welfare measures to a natural disaster except for the Human Development Index.
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18.10.2016 • 46/2016
No Sign of Price Distortions – Lack of Evidence for Effects of US Bank Bailouts
There has been much political and public controversy surrounding the very large rescue packages offered to the banking sector in the course of the financial crisis of 2007 to 2009. The aim of the packages was to stabilise the financial sector and, therefore, the development of the real economy. The downsides of these bailouts were the enormous financial cost to the taxpayer, increased assumption of risk by the government and possible distortive effects on competition in the banking market – since not all banks were given financial support. Researchers at the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) – Member of the Leibniz Association led by Professor Felix Noth have now studied the long-term, indirect and possible market-distorting effects of the US rescue packages.
Felix Noth
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09.09.2016 • 38/2016
The Perception of Financial Inferiority Nurtures Negative Attitudes Towards Foreigners
When people feel that their own economic status is inferior to the economic status of a relevant peer group, it becomes more likely that they develop negative attitudes towards foreigners. This link was found in a new study of the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) – Member of the Leibniz Association. The effect is particularly strong with respect to foreigners from low-wage countries.
Walter Hyll
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Does Administrative Status Matter for Urban Growth? Evidence from Present and Former County Capitals in East Germany
Bastian Heider, Albrecht Kauffmann, Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Abstract
Public sector activities are often neglected in the economic approaches used to analyze the driving forces behind urban growth. The institutional status of a regional capital is a crucial aspect of public sector activities. This paper reports on a quasi-natural experiment on county towns in East Germany. Since 1990, cities in East Germany have demonstrated remarkable differences in population development. During this same period, many towns have lost their status as a county seat due to several administrative reforms. Using a difference-in-difference approach, the annual population development of former county capitals is compared to population change in towns that have successfully held on to their capital status throughout the observed period. The estimations show that maintaining county capital status has a statistically significant positive effect on annual changes in population. This effect is furthermore increasing over time after the implementation of the respective reforms.
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Buy, Keep, or Sell: Economic Growth and the Market for Ideas
Ufuk Akcigit, Murat Alp Celik, Jeremy Greenwood
Econometrica,
No. 3,
2016
Abstract
An endogenous growth model is developed where each period firms invest in researching and developing new ideas. An idea increases a firm's productivity. By how much depends on the technological propinquity between an idea and the firm's line of business. Ideas can be bought and sold on a market for patents. A firm can sell an idea that is not relevant to its business or buy one if it fails to innovate. The developed model is matched up with stylized facts about the market for patents in the United States. The analysis gauges how efficiency in the patent market affects growth.
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Does the Technological Content of Government Demand Matter for Private R&D? Evidence from US States
Viktor Slavtchev, Simon Wiederhold
American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics,
No. 2,
2016
Abstract
Governments purchase everything from airplanes to zucchini. This paper investigates the role of the technological content of government procurement in innovation. In a theoretical model, we first show that a shift in the composition of public purchases toward high-tech products translates into higher economy-wide returns to innovation, leading to an increase in the aggregate level of private R&D. Using unique data on federal procurement in US states and performing panel fixed-effects estimations, we find support for the model's prediction of a positive R&D effect of the technological content of government procurement. Instrumental-variable estimations suggest a causal interpretation of our findings.
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The Diablo 3 Economy: An Agent Based Approach
Makram El-Shagi, Gregor von Schweinitz
Computational Economics,
No. 2,
2016
Abstract
Designers of MMOs such as Diablo 3 face economic problems much like policy makers in the real world, e.g. inflation and distributional issues. Solving economic problems through regular updates (patches) became as important to those games as traditional gameplay issues. In this paper we provide an agent framework inspired by the economic features of Diablo 3 and analyze the effect of monetary policy in the game. Our model reproduces a number of features known from the Diablo 3 economy such as a heterogeneous price development, driven almost exclusively by goods of high quality, a highly unequal wealth distribution and strongly decreasing economic mobility. The basic framework presented in this paper is meant as a stepping stone to further research, where our evidence is used to deepen our understanding of the real-world counterparts of such problems. The advantage of our model is that it combines simplicity that is inherent to model economies with a similarly simple observable counterpart (namely the game environment where real agents interact). By matching the dynamics of the game economy we can thus easily verify that our behavioral assumptions are good approximations to reality.
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Metropolregionen als Schlüssel zum wirtschaftlichen Erfolg?: 5. „Halle Forum“ des IWH und der ARL am 11./12. Dezember 2014
A. Förtsch, Albrecht Kauffmann, Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Nachrichten der ARL,
No. 2,
2015
Abstract
Seit 2006 findet am Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) in Halle an der Saale alle zwei Jahre das „Halle Forum on Urban Economic Growth“ statt. Ziel dieser Veranstaltungsreihe ist es, ein internationales und interdisziplinäres Forum für den Austausch aktueller Forschungsergebnisse zu Strategien und Verläufen der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung von Städten zu bieten, mit einem Fokus auf altindustrielle Regionen und post-sozialistische Länder. Das nunmehr bereits fünfte „Halle Forum“ befasste sich schwerpunktmäßig mit der „richtigen“ Governance von Metropolregionen und den wirtschaftlichen Effekten von verschiedenen Formen der metropolitanen Governance. Zusätzlich wurden weitere zentrale Zukunftsthemen der Stadtentwicklung aufgegriffen.
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Lessons from Schumpeterian Growth Theory
Philippe Aghion, Ufuk Akcigit, Peter Howitt
American Economic Review,
No. 5,
2015
Abstract
By operationalizing the notion of creative destruction, Schumpeterian growth theory generates distinctive predictions on important microeconomic aspects of the growth process (competition, firm dynamics, firm size distribution, cross-firm and cross-sector reallocation) which can be confronted using rich micro data. In this process the theory helps reconcile growth with industrial organization and development economics.
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Die Institutionalisierung von Metropolregionen: Schlüssel zum wirtschaftlichen Erfolg von Städten? – Ein Bericht über das „5th Halle Forum on Urban Economic Growth“
A. Förtsch, Albrecht Kauffmann, Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2015
Abstract
Seit den 1990er Jahren wird speziell in Deutschland versucht, mit Hilfe einer verstärkten Kooperation zwischen den wichtigsten Oberzentren und den Kommunen aus deren jeweiligem Umland so genannte „Metropolregionen“ zu etablieren. Damit werden die Ziele verfolgt, die internationale Sichtbarkeit der größten deutschen Städte zu verbessern und durch eine Bündelung der in ihnen sowie ihrem Umland vorhandenen Ressourcen und Kompetenzen zu einer Erhöhung der stadtregionalen Wirtschaftsleistung beizutragen. Es stellen sich allerdings die Fragen, ob diese Ziele tatsächlich erreicht werden, welche Hürden sich bei der Zielerreichung ergeben und wie diese Hürden ggf. überwunden werden können. Diese Fragen standen im Mittelpunkt des fünften „Halle Forum on Urban Economic Growth“, das am 11. und 12. Dezember 2014 in Kooperation mit der Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung (ARL) – Leibniz-Forum für Raumwissenschaften am IWH durchgeführt wurde.
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