IWH-Konjunkturbarometer Ostdeutschland: Konjunktureller Gleichklang im zweiten Quartal zwischen Ost und West
Udo Ludwig, Franziska Exß
Konjunktur aktuell,
No. 4,
2015
Abstract
Gestützt auf eine wieder erstarkende Industrie und eine Beschleunigung des Leistungszuwachses bei den „klassischen“ Dienstleistern Handel, Verkehr und Kommunikation hat das ostdeutsche Bruttoinlandsprodukt – saisonbereinigt nach dem Berliner Verfahren – im zweiten Quartal 2015 um 0,5% gegenüber dem ersten Quartal zugelegt. Die konjunkturelle Dynamik entsprach damit der Entwicklung in den Alten Bundesländern. Gegenüber dem Vorjahreszeitraum betrug der Zuwachs 1,2%. Bezogen auf das erste Halbjahr blieb der Produktionsanstieg mit 0,9% gegenüber dem Westen um einen halben Prozentpunkt zurück.
Read article
IWH-Industrieumfrage im zweiten Quartal 2015: Nur die Konsumgüterhersteller erwarten florierende Geschäfte
Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 4,
2015
Abstract
Im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe Ostdeutschlands setzt sich die gedämpfte Stimmung des ersten Quartals 2015 auch im zweiten fort. Das geht aus den Ergebnissen der IWH-Industrieumfrage unter rund 300 Unternehmen hervor. Die saldierten Urteile der Unternehmen über ihre aktuelle Geschäftslage gingen gegenüber dem Vorquartal um sechs Punkte zurück. Das ist der zweite Rückgang in Folge. Auch die Aussichten trübten sich zum zweiten Mal ein. Hier sank der Saldo um sieben Punkte. Weitere vorlaufende Indikatoren wie die Auftragslage und die Produktionserwartungen gaben ebenfalls nach. Allerdings ist das Niveau der Geschäftsaktivitäten in der ostdeutschen Industrie nach wie vor hoch und liegt über dem langjährigen Mittel.
Read article
IWH-Bauumfrage im zweiten Quartal 2015: Große Zuversicht in Hochbau und Ausbau
Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 4,
2015
Abstract
Das Geschäftsklima im ostdeutschen Baugewerbe ist laut Umfrage des IWH im Frühjahrsquartal alles in allem freundlich. Die Unternehmen beurteilen ihre Geschäftslage zwar etwas weniger günstig als zuvor, was nach dem witterungsbedingt kräftigen Schwung zu Beginn des Jahres zu erwarten war. Hinsichtlich der Geschäfts-aussichten für das nächste halbe Jahr nahm der Optimismus aber weiter zu. Die saldierten Urteile der Unternehmen stiegen hier um vier Punkte. Die Auftrags- und Liquiditätslage verbesserte sich. Den Firmenmeldungen zufolge gab es zudem Preiserhöhungsspielräume, die die Ertragserwartungen der Bauunternehmen anziehen ließen. Ausgeprägt bleiben aber die Divergenzen in den Stimmungslagen zwischen dem zuversichtlichen Hoch- und Ausbau auf der einen und dem etwas zurückhaltenden Tiefbau auf der anderen Seite.
Read article
Banks and Sovereign Risk: A Granular View
Claudia M. Buch, Michael Koetter, Jana Ohls
Abstract
We identify the determinants of all German banks’ sovereign debt exposures between 2005 and 2013 and test for the implications of these exposures for bank risk. Larger, more capital market affine, and less capitalised banks hold more sovereign bonds. Around 15% of all German banks never hold sovereign bonds during the sample period. The sensitivity of sovereign bond holdings by banks to eurozone membership and inflation increased significantly since the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Since the outbreak of the sovereign debt crisis, banks prefer sovereigns with lower debt ratios and lower bond yields. Finally, we find that riskiness of government bond holdings affects bank risk only since 2010. This confirms the existence of a nexus between government debt and bank risk.
Read article
Bank Market Power, Factor Reallocation, and Aggregate Growth
R. Inklaar, Michael Koetter, Felix Noth
Journal of Financial Stability,
2015
Abstract
Using a unique firm-level sample of approximately 700,000 firm-year observations of German small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), this study seeks to identify the effect of bank market power on aggregate growth components. We test for a pre-crisis sample whether bank market power spurs or hinders the reallocation of resources across informationally opaque firms. Identification relies on the dependence on external finance in each industry and the regional demarcation of regional banking markets in Germany. The results show that bank markups spur aggregate SME growth, primarily through technical change and the reallocation of resources. Banks seem to need sufficient markups to generate the necessary private information to allocate financial funds efficiently.
Read article
On the Trail of Core–periphery Patterns in Innovation Networks: Measurements and New Empirical Findings from the German Laser Industry
Wilfried Ehrenfeld, Toralf Pusch, Muhamed Kudic
Annals of Regional Science,
No. 1,
2015
Abstract
It has been frequently argued that a firm’s location in the core of an industry’s innovation network improves its ability to access information and absorb technological knowledge. The literature has still widely neglected the role of peripheral network positions for innovation processes. In addition to this, little is known about the determinants affecting a peripheral actors’ ability to reach the core. To shed some light on these issues, we have employed a unique longitudinal dataset encompassing the entire population of German laser source manufacturers (LSMs) and laser-related public research organizations (PROs) over a period of more than two decades. The aim of our paper is threefold. First, we analyze the emergence of core–periphery (CP) patterns in the German laser industry. Then, we explore the paths on which LSMs and PROs move from isolated positions toward the core. Finally, we employ non-parametric event history techniques to analyze the extent to which organizational and geographical determinates affect the propensity and timing of network core entries. Our results indicate the emergence and solidification of CP patterns at the overall network level. We also found that the paths on which organizations traverse through the network are characterized by high levels of heterogeneity and volatility. The transition from peripheral to core positions is impacted by organizational characteristics, while an organization’s geographical location does not play a significant role.
Read article
Taking the First Step - What Determines German Laser Source Manufacturers' Entry into Innovation Networks?
Jutta Günther, Muhamed Kudic, Andreas Pyka
International Journal of Innovation Management,
No. 5,
2015
Abstract
Early access to technological knowledge embodied in the industry’s innovation network can provide an important competitive advantage to firms. While the literature provides much evidence on the positive effects of innovation networks on firms’ performance, not much is known about the determinants of firms’ initial entry into such networks. We analyze firms’ timing and propensity to enter the industry’s innovation network. More precisely, we seek to shed some light on the factors affecting the duration between firm founding and its first cooperation event. In doing so, we apply a unique longitudinal event history dataset based on the full population of German laser source manufacturers. Innovation network data stem from official databases providing detailed information on the organizations involved, subject of joint research and development (R&D) efforts as well as start and end times for all publically funded R&D projects between 1990 and 2010. Estimation results from a non-parametric event history model indicate that micro firms enter the network later than small-sized or large firms. An in-depth analysis of the size effects for medium-sized firms provides some unexpected findings. The choice of cooperation type makes no significant difference for the firms’ timing to enter the network. Finally, the analysis of geographical determinants shows that cluster membership can, but do not necessarily, affect a firm’s timing to cooperate.
Read article
Friend or Foe? Crowdfunding Versus Credit when Banks are Stressed
Daniel Blaseg, Michael Koetter
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 8,
2015
Abstract
Does bank instability push borrowers to use crowdfunding as a source of external finance? We identify stressed banks and link them to a unique, manually constructed sample of 157 new ventures seeking equity crowdfunding. The sample comprises projects from all German equity crowdfunding platforms since 2011, which we compare with 200 ventures that do not use crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is significantly more likely for new ventures that interact with stressed banks. Innovative funding is thus particularly relevant when conventional financiers are facing crises. But crowdfunded ventures are generally also more opaque and risky than new ventures that do not use crowdfunding.
Read article
Aktuelle Trends: In den meisten deutschen Bundesländern stieg die Exportintensität der Industrie – aber die ostdeutschen Flächenländer verbleiben auf hinteren Rangplätzen
Gerhard Heimpold
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 3,
2015
Abstract
Die Industrie konnte im Jahr 2014 im Vergleich zum Jahr 2010 in den meisten Bundesländern die Exportintensität steigern. Besonders kräftig nahm die Auslandsorientierung in Berlin und in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern zu. Trotzdem bleiben alle ostdeutschen Flächenländer auf hinteren Rangplätzen. Im Schnitt lag im Jahr 2014 die Exportintensität in Ostdeutschland bei rund 35%, in Westdeutschland bei ca. 48%.
Read article
Public Bank Guarantees and Allocative Efficiency
Reint E. Gropp, Andre Guettler, Vahid Saadi
Abstract
In the wake of the recent financial crisis, many governments extended public guarantees to banks. We take advantage of a natural experiment, in which long-standing public guarantees were removed for a set of German banks following a lawsuit, to identify the real effects of these guarantees on the allocation of credit (“allocative efficiency”). Using matched bank/firm data, we find that public guarantees reduce allocative efficiency. With guarantees in place, poorly performing firms invest more and maintain higher rates of sales growth. Moreover, firms produce less efficiently in the presence of public guarantees. Consistently, we show that guarantees reduce the likelihood that firms exit the market. These findings suggest that public guarantees hinder restructuring activities and prevent resources to flow to the most productive uses.
Read article
