IWH-Konjunkturbarometer Ostdeutschland: Auf Wachstumsschub zu Jahresbeginn folgt konjunkturelle Delle
Udo Ludwig, Franziska Exß
Konjunktur aktuell,
No. 4,
2014
Abstract
Die konjunkturelle Schwäche der deutschen Wirtschaft im zweiten Quartal erfasste auch die Produktions- und Dienstleistungsstandorte in den Neuen Ländern. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt ist hier – saisonbereinigt nach dem Berliner Verfahren – um 0,4% gegenüber dem ersten Quartal gesunken, und damit etwas stärker als in den Alten Bundesländern (−0,2%). Gegenüber dem Vorjahreszeitraum bedeutete das aber einen Zuwachs von 1,2%. Die Wachstumstreiber zu Jahresbeginn, das Verarbeitende Gewerbe und das Baugewerbe, wurden zu Wachstumsbremsen im zweiten Quartal. Ausschlaggebend dafür waren der erwartete Wegfall der Sondereffekte aus dem ersten Quartal, aber auch die regionale Übertragung der Schwäche der Inlandskonjunktur in Deutschland und die nachlassenden Impulse von den wichtigsten Auslandsmärkten der ostdeutschen Industrie in Westeuropa.
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IWH-Bauumfrage im zweiten Quartal 2014: Baukonjunktur verliert etwas an Schwung
Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 4,
2014
Abstract
Die Geschäfte der 300 vom IWH befragten ostdeutschen Bauunternehmen sind im Frühsommer 2014 nicht mehr ganz so gut gelaufen wie noch zu Jahresbeginn. Der Indikator für die aktuelle Geschäftslage gibt geringfügig, der der Geschäftsaussichten bis zum Herbst etwas deutlicher nach. Allerdings hatte die Bauproduktion zu Jahresbeginn vor allem dank eines ungewöhnlich milden Winterwetters und noch anstehender flutbedingter Baumaßnahmen außergewöhnlich stark angezogen.
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IWH-Industrieumfrage im zweiten Quartal 2014: Anhaltender Optimismus
Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 4,
2014
Abstract
Die ostdeutsche Industrie erwartet für die nächsten Monate gute Geschäfte. Das zeigen die Ergebnisse der IWH-Industrieumfrage unter rund 300 Unternehmen. Das Verarbeitende Gewerbe in Ostdeutschland gibt sich derzeit unbeeindruckt von den politischen Krisen in der Ukraine und im Nahen Osten. Die Geschäftslage hat sich nach dem starken Aufwärtsschub im ersten Quartal auf ihrem hohen Niveau gehalten. Sie wird lediglich um einen Saldenpunkt schwächer eingeschätzt. Der Saldo aus positiven und negativen Urteilen über die Geschäftsaussichten hat sich zum vierten Mal in Folge erhöht.
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Interbank Lending and Distress: Observables, Unobservables, and Network Structure
Ben Craig, Michael Koetter, U. Krüger
Deutsche Bundesbank Discussion Paper, No. 18/2014,
No. 18,
2014
Abstract
We provide empirical evidence on the relevance of systemic risk through the interbank lending channel. We adapt a spatial probit model that allows for correlated error terms in the cross-sectional variation that depend on the measured network connections of the banks. The latter are in our application observed interbank exposures among German bank holding companies during 2001 and 2006. The results clearly indicate significant spillover effects between banks’ probabilities of distress and the financial profiles of connected peers. Better capitalized and managed connections reduce the banks own risk. Higher network centrality reduces the probability of distress, supporting the notion that more complete networks tend to be more stable. Finally, spatial autocorrelation is significant and negative. This last result may indicate too-many-to-fail mechanics such that bank distress is less likely if many peers already experienced distress.
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Lingering Illness or Sudden Death? Pre-exit Employment Developments in German Establishments
Daniel Fackler, Claus Schnabel, J. Wagner
Industrial and Corporate Change,
No. 4,
2014
Abstract
Using a large administrative data set for Germany, this article compares employment developments in exiting and surviving establishments. Applying a matching approach, we find a clear “shadow of death” effect reflecting lingering illness: in both West and East Germany establishments shrink dramatically already several years before closure, employment growth rates differ strongly between exiting and surviving establishments, and this difference becomes stronger as exit approaches. Moreover, we provide first evidence that prior to exit the workforce becomes on average more skilled, more female, and older in exiting compared to surviving establishments. These effects are more clearly visible in West than in East Germany.
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Taxing Banks: An Evaluation of the German Bank Levy
Claudia M. Buch, Björn Hilberg, Lena Tonzer
Abstract
Bank distress can have severe negative consequences for the stability of the financial system, the real economy, and public finances. Regimes for restructuring and restoring banks financed by bank levies and fiscal backstops seek to reduce these costs. Bank levies attempt to internalize systemic risk and increase the costs of leverage. This paper evaluates the effects of the German bank levy implemented in 2011 as part of the German bank restructuring law. Our analysis offers three main insights. First, revenues raised through the bank levy are minimal, because of low tax rates and high thresholds for tax exemptions. Second, the bulk of the payments were contributed by large commercial banks and the head institutes of savings banks and credit unions. Third, the levy had no effect on the volume of loans or interest rates for the average German bank. For the banks affected most by the levy, we find evidence of fewer loans, higher lending rates, and lower deposit rates.
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Plant-based Bioeconomy in Central Germany - Mapping of Actors, Industries and Places
Wilfried Ehrenfeld, Frieder Kropfhäußer
Abstract
The challenges facing the 21st century, presented by a growing global population, range from food security to sustainable energy supplies to the diminishing availability of fossil raw materials. An attempt to solve these problems is made by using the concept of bioeconomy. Plants, in particular, possess an important function in this context - they can be used either as a source of food or, in the form of biomass, for industrial or energy purposes. Linking industrial and agricultural research and production, bioeconomy provides growth potential, in particular in rural areas.
The aim of this article is therefore to outline the status of plant-based bioeconomy
in three states of Central Germany - Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia - and to compare this to German plant-based bioeconomy. We take an in-depth look at the different sectors and outline the industries involved, the location and age of the enterprises as well as the distribution of important NACE codes. In conclusion, we highlight the significant number of new or small enterprises and the high research and innovation rate of Central Germany. We also stress the future potential of Central German plant-based bioeconomy as well as the importance of a more plant-focusedview of the technology sector.
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Determinants of Foreign Technological Activity in German Regions – A Count Model Analysis of Transnational Patents
Eva Dettmann, Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Jutta Günther, Björn Jindra
Foresight-Russia,
No. 1,
2014
Abstract
Most research on R&D internationalisation focuses on comparative analysis of location factors at the national level of analysis. Very little work, however, has taken place in this field for the sub-national regional location behavior of multi-national enterprises (MNE). The paper contributes to the existing research by providing evidence on the determinants of foreign technological activities at the sub-national level for Germany, which hosts the largest share of foreign R&D within the EU27 and features the highest cross-regional dispersion of patented research. Using a pooled count data model, we estimate the effect of various sources for externalities on the extent of foreign technological activity across regions. Particular attention is paid to the role of local knowledge spillovers, technological specialization and diversification. We differentiate foreign and domestic sources of specialisation and account for region and sector-specific influences. This is the first time that the ‘cross-border-ownership’ principle to measure R&D internationalisation is combined with regionalised patent information.
To verify our findings we develop hypotheses. In particular, we expect and find that foreign technological activity is attracted by technologically specialised sectors of regions. In contrast to current empirical work, this effect applies both to foreign as well as domestic sources of specialization, although effects on foreign specialization seem more significant. We expect and find the same for science-industry spillovers. We postulate a negative impact of domestic specialization on foreign technological activities and a strong positive effect from diversificationspillovers, by comparison with specialisation spillovers, but these hypotheses are rejected. We find that the direction of the specialisation effect depends on dominance in the position of domestic firms as well as on the balance of knowledge flows between them and foreign actors.
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Changing Forces of Gravity: How the Crisis Affected International Banking
Claudia M. Buch, Katja Neugebauer, Christoph Schröder
ZEW Discussion Paper, No. 14-006,
2014
Abstract
The global financial crisis has brought to an end a rather unprecedented period of banks’ international expansion. We analyze the effects of the crisis on international banking. Using a detailed dataset on the international assets of all German banks with foreign affiliates for the years 2002-2011, we study bank internationalization before and during the crisis. Our data allow analyzing not only the international assets of the banks’ headquarters but also of their foreign affiliates. We show that banks have lowered their international assets, both along the extensive and the intensive margin. This withdrawal from foreign markets is the result of changing market conditions, of policy interventions, and of a weakly increasing sensitivity of banks to financial frictions.
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IWH-Industrieumfrage im ersten Quartal 2014: Florierende Geschäfte
Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2014
Abstract
Die optimistischen Erwartungen, die in der ostdeutschen Industrie am Ende des Jahres 2013 vorherrschten, haben sich im ersten Quartal dieses Jahres erfüllt. Das geht aus den Ergebnissen der IWH-Industrieumfrage unter rund 300 Unternehmen hervor. Die aktuelle Geschäftslage hat einen starken Aufwärtsschub erhalten. Der Saldo von positiven und negativen Urteilen hat sich gegenüber dem Vorquartal um 13 Punkte erhöht. Die Geschäftsaussichten sind auf dem hohen Niveau der vorherigen Umfrage geblieben.
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