Private Equity, Jobs, and Productivity
Steven J. Davis, John Haltiwanger, Kyle Handley, Ron S. Jarmin, Josh Lerner, Javier Miranda
American Economic Review,
No. 12,
2014
Abstract
Private equity critics claim that leveraged buyouts bring huge job losses and few gains in operating performance. To evaluate these claims, we construct and analyze a new dataset that covers US buyouts from 1980 to 2005. We track 3,200 target firms and their 150,000 establishments before and after acquisition, comparing to controls defined by industry, size, age, and prior growth. Buyouts lead to modest net job losses but large increases in gross job creation and destruction. Buyouts also bring TFP gains at target firms, mainly through accelerated exit of less productive establishments and greater entry of highly productive ones.
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Who Invests in Home Equity to Exempt Wealth from Bankruptcy?
S. Corradin, Reint E. Gropp, H. Huizinga, Luc Laeven
Abstract
Homestead exemptions to personal bankruptcy allow households to retain their home equity up to a limit determined at the state level. Households that may experience bankruptcy thus have an incentive to bias their portfolios towards home equity. Using US household data for the period 1996 to 2006, we find that household demand for real estate is relatively high if the marginal investment in home equity is covered by the exemption. The home equity bias is more pronounced for younger households that face more financial uncertainty and therefore have a higher ex ante probability of bankruptcy.
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How an IPO Helps in M&A
Ugur Celikyurt, Merih Sevilir, Anil Shivdasani
Journal of Applied Corporate Finance,
No. 2,
2010
Abstract
An initial public offering (IPO) can often provide a powerful stimulus to private companies seeking to pursue an acquisition-driven growth strategy. Based on a comprehensive analysis of U.S. IPOs, the authors show that newly public companies are prolific acquirers. Over 30% of companies conducting an IPO make at least one acquisition in their IPO year, and the typical IPO firm makes about four acquisitions during its first five years as a public company. IPOs facilitate M&A not only by providing infusions of capital but also by creating ongoing access to equity and debt markets for cash-financed deals. In addition, IPOs create an acquisition currency that can prove valuable in stock-financed deals when the shares are attractively priced. The authors also argue that IPOs improve the ability of companies to conduct M&A by resolving some of the valuation uncertainty facing privately held companies.
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Die volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung von Private Equity
Ulrich Blum
Private Equity. Beurteilungs- und Bewertungsverfahren von Kapitalbeteiligungsgesellschaften,
2008
Abstract
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Public Housing and the Fear of Private Equity – Assessing Social Impacts
Dominik Weiß
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 12,
2008
Abstract
Der Beitrag untersucht die Auswirkungen der aus sozialen Gründen stark kritisierten Verkäufe kommunaler Wohnungen an private Investoren. DieAuswertung des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels von 1999 bis 2006 lässt keine gravierenden Auswirkungen der Privatisierung kommunaler Mietwohnungen auf die betroffenen Haushalte erkennen. Sie liefert insofern keine empirischen Argumente für die öffentlich geführte Kritik am Verkauf kommunaler Wohnungen. Die wesentlichen Ergebnisse aus dieser Stichprobe deuten auf moderate Mietsteigerungen und überdurchschnittliche Investitionstätigkeit nach der Privatisierung hin. Allerdings ist die Gesamtkostenbelastung für die Wohnung nach subjektiver Einschätzung der Haushalte bei den privatisierten Wohnungen angestiegen. Ein möglicher Grund für diese Entwicklung könnte die geringere Mobilität der Bewohner von kommunalen Wohnungen sein.
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Die volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung von Private Equity
Ulrich Blum
Private Equity. Beurteilungs- und Bewertungsverfahren von Kapitalbeteiligungsgesellschaften,
2008
Abstract
Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, weshalb private equity als eine spezifische institutionelle Form des Ausreichens von Eigenkapital die Bedeutung erlangt hat, die es aktuell genießt. Er zeigt, dass die Rolle des Eigenkapitals zunächst aus der Systematik der Ökonomie im Rahmen der Innovationstheorie, der Transaktionskostentheorie und der Risikotheorie erklärt werden kann: Private Equity ist eine spezifische Form der Ausgestaltung der Eigenkapitalversorgung, um für Unternehmen in risikobehafteten Märkten die Transaktionskosten effizient zu senken. Darüber hinaus spielt es für die Glaubhaftigkeit des Marktauftritts von Anbietern eine Rolle. Durch spezifische Unvollkommenheiten der Märkte und vor allem auch durch steuerliche Ausgestaltungen, die unter heutigen Bedingungen als nicht effizient angesehen werden dürften, hat sich die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Private Equity-Eigenkapitalausreichung beachtlich vergrößert. Damit wächst auch die Notwendigkeit, Unternehmen im Sinne einer wertorientierten Steuerung zu bewerten. Seit dem Sommer 2007 hat sich der „Hype“ abgeflacht, weshalb in einer abschließenden Würdigung die Zukunftsaussichten von Private Equity betrachtet werden.
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Rating Agency Actions and the Pricing of Debt and Equity of European Banks: What Can we Infer About Private Sector Monitoring of Bank Soundness?
Reint E. Gropp, A. J. Richards
Economic Notes,
No. 3,
2001
Abstract
The recent consultative papers by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has raised the possibility of an explicit role for external rating agencies in the assessment of the credit risk of banks’ assets, including interbank claims. Any judgement on the merits of this proposal calls for an assessment of the information contained in credit ratings and its relationship to other publicly available information on the financial health of banks and borrowers. We assess this issue via an event study of rating change announcements by leading international rating agencies, focusing on rating changes for European banks for which data on bond and equity prices are available. We find little evidence of announcement effects on bond prices, which may reflect the lack of liquidity in bond markets in Europe during much of our sample period. For equity prices, we find strong effects of ratings changes, although some of our results may suffer from contamination by contemporaneous news events. We also test for pre-announcement and post-announcement effects, but find little evidence of either. Overall, our results suggest that ratings agencies may perform a useful role in summarizing and obtaining non-public information on banks and that monitoring of banks’ risk through bond holders appears to be relatively limited in Europe. The relatively weak monitoring by bondholders casts some doubt on the effectiveness of a subordinated debt requirement as a supervisory tool in the European context, at least until bond markets are more developed.
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