Banking Reform, Risk-Taking, and Accounting Quality: Evidence from Post-Soviet Transition States
Yiwei Fang, Wassim Dbouk, Iftekhar Hasan, Lingxiang Li
Journal of International Accounting Research,
No. 1,
2022
Abstract
The drastic banking reform within Central and Eastern Europe following the collapse of the Soviet Union provides an ideal quasi-experimental design to examine the causal effects of institutional development on accounting quality (AQ). We find that banking reform spurs significant improvement in predictive power of earnings and reductions in earnings smoothing, earnings-inflating discretionary provisions, and avoidance of reporting losses. These effects hold under alternative model specifications and after considering concurrent institutional developments. In contrast, corporate reform shows no such effects, refuting the alternative explanation that unobserved factors affect both reform speed in general and the quality of financial reporting. We further identify four specific reformative actions that are integral to the drastic banking reform process where prudential regulation contributes the most to the observed AQ improvement. It supports the conjecture that banking reform improves AQ by reducing banks' risk-taking behaviors and, as a result, their motive behind accounting manipulation.
Read article
Women Move Differently: Job Separations and Gender
Boris Hirsch, Claus Schnabel
Journal of Labor Research,
No. 4,
2012
Abstract
Using a large German linked employer–employee data set and methods of competing risks analysis, this paper investigates gender differences in job separation rates to employment and nonemployment. In line with descriptive evidence, we find lower job-to-job and higher job-to-nonemployment transition probabilities for women than men when controlling for individual and workplace characteristics and unobserved plant heterogeneity. These differences vanish once we allow these characteristics to affect separations differently by gender. When additionally controlling for wages, we find that both separation rates are considerably lower and also significantly less wage-elastic for women than for men, suggesting an interplay of gender differences in transition behaviour and the gender pay gap.
Read article
Market Concentration and Innovation in Transnational Corporations: Evidence from Foreign Affiliates in Central and Eastern Europe
Liviu Voinea, Johannes Stephan
Research on Knowledge, Innovation and Internationalization (Progress in International Business Research, Volume 4),
2009
Abstract
Purpose – The main research question of this contribution is whether local market concentration influences R&D and innovation activities of foreign affiliates of transnational companies.
Methodology/approach – We focus on transition economies and use discriminant function analysis to investigate differences in the innovation activity of foreign affiliates operating in concentrated markets, compared to firms operating in nonconcentrated markets. The database consists of the results of a questionnaire administered to a representative sample of foreign affiliates in a selection of five transition economies.
Findings – We find that foreign affiliates in more concentrated markets, when compared to foreign affiliates in less concentrated markets, export more to their own foreign investor's network, do more basic and applied research, use more of the existing technology already incorporated in the products of their own foreign investor's network, do less process innovation, and acquire less knowledge from abroad.
Research limitations/implications – The results may be specific to transition economies only.
Practical implications – The main implications of these results are that host country market concentration stimulates intranetwork knowledge diffusion (with a risk of transfer pricing), while more intense competition stimulates knowledge creation (at least as far as process innovation is concerned) and knowledge absorption from outside the affiliates' own network. Policy makers should focus their support policies on companies in more competitive sectors, as they are more likely to transfer new technologies.
Originality/value – It contributes to the literature on the relationship between market concentration and innovation, based on a unique survey database of foreign affiliates of transnational corporations operating in Eastern Europe.
Read article
Are the Central and Eastern European Transition Countries still vullnerable to an Financial Crisis? Results from the Signals Approach
Axel Brüggemann, Thomas Linne
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 157,
2002
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to analyse the vulnerability of the Central and Eastern European accession countries to the EU as well as that of Turkey and Russia to a financial crisis. Our methodology is an extension of the signals approach. We develop a composite indicator to measure the evolution of the risk potential in each country. Our findings show that crises in Central and Eastern Europe are caused by much the usual suspects as in others emerging markets. In particular an overvalued exchange rate, weak exports and dwindling currency reserves have good predictive power for assessing crisis vulnerabilities.
Read article
Risk Potential for Financial Crises for the Central and East European Transition Countries still high
Axel Brüggemann, Thomas Linne
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2002
Abstract
Seit Mitte der neunziger Jahre brachen in den Ländern Mittel- und Osteuropas mehrere Finanzkrisen aus. Darunter waren mit Bulgarien, Rumänien und der Tschechischen Republik auch Länder, mit denen die EU Beitrittsverhandlungen führt. Die Krisenprävention ist nicht zuletzt wegen der Wachstumsverluste für die betroffenen Länder und der ökonomischen Ansteckungseffekte für die westeuropäischen Länder bedeutsam. Deshalb kommt einem Frühwarnsystem zur rechtzeitigen Erkennung von Krisenpotenzialen in den zukünftigen Mitgliedsländer eine hohe Bedeutung zu. Vor diesem Hintergrund führt das IWH regelmäßig Untersuchungen des Risikopotenzials für Finanzkrisen für ausgewählte mittel- und osteuropäischen Länder sowie für die Türkei und Russland durch.
Seit Anfang 1999 lassen sich in den meisten Ländern dieser Region zwei unterschiedliche Phasen des Risikopotenzials unterscheiden. Im Zuge der Russlandkrise im August 1998 war in den mittel- und osteuropäischen Ländern aufgrund der Ansteckungs- und Übertragungseffekte durchgängig eine Zunahme des Risikopotenzials zu beobachten. Nach dem Auslaufen dieser Effekte reduzierte sich die Anfälligkeit in den meisten Ländern deutlich. Seit Mitte 2000 führte ein schwächeres außenwirtschaftliches Umfeld in der Mehrzahl der Länder zu einem erneuten Anstieg des Gefährdungspotenzials, der dringenden wirtschaftspolitischen Handlungsbedarf signalisiert.
Read article
Higher external economic risks for growth price stability in Poland
Martina Kämpfe
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 6,
1998
Abstract
Im vergangenen Jahr setzte sich das hohe Wirtschaftswachstum in Polen fort: Das reale Bruttoinlandsprodukt stieg um 7 vH. Gleichzeitig konnte die Inflationsrate auf das anvisierte Niveau von etwa 15 vH reduziert werden. Dem hohen Wachstum und den Fortschritten bei der Preisstabilisierung stand allerdings eine erhebliche Verschlechterung in der Zahlungsbilanz gegenüber: Das Leistungsbilanzdefizit verdreifachte sich im Vergleich zum Vorjahr, vor allem durch den weiteren Anstieg der Investitions- und Konsumgüterimporte, zugleich nahmen die spekulativen Kapitalzuflüsse zu.Die Geld- und Wechselkurspolitik konnte sowohl die starke Expansion der Importnachfrage als auch die gestiegenen Devisenzuflüsse nicht wirksam eindämmen. Im Ergebnis setzte sich die reale Aufwertung des Zloty gegenüber den Währungen
der Haupthandelspartner fort. 1998 werden die notwendig gewordenen Stabilisierungsbemühungen der Fiskal- und der Wechselkurspolitik das Wirtschaftswachstum etwas abschwächen. Die außenwirtschaftlichen Risiken bleiben bestehen, sofern
die Wirksamkeit der Geld- und Wechselkurspolitik auch 1998 beschränkt bleibt.
Read article
