Money and Prices: An I(2) Analysis for the Euro Area
Oliver Holtemöller
SFB 373 Discussion Paper 12/2002,
2002
Abstract
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Recent Developments and Risks in the Euro Area Banking Sector
Reint E. Gropp, Jukka M. Vesala
ECB Monthly Bulletin,
2002
Abstract
This article provides an overview of euro area banks’ exposure to risk and examines the effects of the cyclical downturn in 2001. It describes the extent to which euro area banks’ risk profile has changed as a result of recent structural developments, such as an increase in investment banking, mergers, securitisation and more sophisticated risk management techniques. The article stresses that the environment in which banks operated in 2001 was fairly complex due to the relatively weak economic performance of all major economies as well as the events of 11 September in the United States. It evaluates the effects of these adverse circumstances on banks’ stability and overall performance. The article provides bank balance sheet information as well as financial market prices, arguing that the latter may be useful when assessing the soundness of the banking sector in a forward-looking manner. It concludes with a review of the overall stability of euro area banks, pointing to robustness in the face of the adverse developments in 2001 and the somewhat improved forward-looking indicators of banks’ financial strength in early 2002.
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Macroeconomic Modelling of the German Economy in the Framework of Euroland
Rüdiger Pohl, Heinz P. Galler
Schriften des IWH,
No. 11,
2002
Abstract
An attempt to develop a new macroeconometric model for Germany is confronted with several questions that range from the general rationality of such an approach to specific problems of an appropriate model structure. One important aspect of this discussion is the introduction of the Euro as a common currency of the European monetary union. This institutional change may result in structural breaks due to changing behavior of economic agents. In addition, the definition of the spatial unit that is appropriate for modelling becomes a problem. Additional problems come from the introduction of the European Single Market and the increasing international economic integration not only within the European union but also beyond its borders. And in the case of Germany, the unification of the West and the East demand special attention. Last but not least, the harmonization of national accounting for the member states of the European Union has to be dealt with. Thus, the introduction of the Euro as a common currency is just one problem besides others that must be addressed.
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Bank Concentration and Retail Interest Rates
S. Corvoisier, Reint E. Gropp
Journal of Banking and Finance,
No. 11,
2002
Abstract
The recent wave of mergers in the euro area raises the question whether the increase in concentration has offset the increase in competition in European banking through deregulation. We test this question by estimating a simple Cournot model of bank pricing. We construct country and product specific measures of bank concentration and find that for loans and demand deposits increasing concentration may have resulted in less competitive pricing by banks, whereas for savings and time deposits, the model is rejected, suggesting increases in contestability and/or efficiency in these markets. Finally, the paper discusses some implications for tests of the effect of concentration on monetary policy transmission.
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Prospects for 2002: Waiting for the cyclical change
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2002
Abstract
Mit dem Jahresausblick für 2002 wird die ausführliche Konjunkturprognose von Mitte 2001 für das Jahr 2002 aktualisiert. Zu Beginn des Jahres 2002 gibt es nach sechs Quartalen Abschwung noch keine klaren Anzeichen für eine baldige Belebung der Konjunktur in Deutschland. Es fehlen Impulse aus dem Inland wie Ausland für eine schnelle Umkehr der abwärts gerichteten konjunkturellen Grundtendenz. In der Prognose wird davon ausgegangen, dass sich die US-Wirtschaft spätestens im Frühjahr aus der Rezession löst und Impulse auf die Weltwirtschaft aussendet. Dann wird sich auch in Deutschland und in der Eurozone insgesamt die Produktion beleben und in der zweiten Jahreshälfte an Schwung gewinnen. Der Anstieg der Exporte wird auf die Inlandsnachfrage ausstrahlen. Die Kräftigung der Konjunktur wird erst mit der üblichen Verzögerung am Arbeitsmarkt ankommen. Die expansiv ausgerichtete Geldpolitik wird ihre Wirkung voll entfalten. Die Finanzpolitik wird restriktiv wirken, da sie den Konsolidierungskurs verschärft.
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Rating Agency Actions and the Pricing of Debt and Equity of European Banks: What Can we Infer About Private Sector Monitoring of Bank Soundness?
Reint E. Gropp, A. J. Richards
Economic Notes,
No. 3,
2001
Abstract
The recent consultative papers by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has raised the possibility of an explicit role for external rating agencies in the assessment of the credit risk of banks’ assets, including interbank claims. Any judgement on the merits of this proposal calls for an assessment of the information contained in credit ratings and its relationship to other publicly available information on the financial health of banks and borrowers. We assess this issue via an event study of rating change announcements by leading international rating agencies, focusing on rating changes for European banks for which data on bond and equity prices are available. We find little evidence of announcement effects on bond prices, which may reflect the lack of liquidity in bond markets in Europe during much of our sample period. For equity prices, we find strong effects of ratings changes, although some of our results may suffer from contamination by contemporaneous news events. We also test for pre-announcement and post-announcement effects, but find little evidence of either. Overall, our results suggest that ratings agencies may perform a useful role in summarizing and obtaining non-public information on banks and that monitoring of banks’ risk through bond holders appears to be relatively limited in Europe. The relatively weak monitoring by bondholders casts some doubt on the effectiveness of a subordinated debt requirement as a supervisory tool in the European context, at least until bond markets are more developed.
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Current trends – The economic situation in the Euro area – Turnaround still in 2001?
Udo Ludwig
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 11,
2001
Abstract
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Current trends – Business cycle in Euro area takes a temporary dip
Michael Seifert
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 9,
2001
Abstract
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Current trends – Business cycle in Euro area – Weaker start into 2001
Michael Seifert
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2001
Abstract
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The effects of parity changes on long term export growth
Michael Seifert
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 12,
2000
Abstract
Die Euro-Länder führen einen unterschiedlich intensiven Handel mit Volkswirtschaften außerhalb des Euroraums. Während die Niederlande oder Portugal deutlich weniger als die Hälfte ihrer Warenausfuhren außerhalb des gemeinsamen Währungsgebietes absetzen, liegt der entsprechende Anteil Deutschlands oder Italiens bei über 50 %. Eine ökonometrische Analyse macht hier allerdings deutlich, dass diese Unterschiede in der Regionalstruktur der Ausfuhren nicht zu einer merklich differenzierten Wirkung von Wechselkursänderungen auf das langfristige Exportwachstum führen. Die ermittelten Koeffizienten für den Zusammenhang zwischen der Höhe der Ausfuhren und der Höhe des Wechselkurses liegen für die betrachteten Volkswirtschaften relativ nah beieinander, was darauf hindeutet, dass Wechselkursänderungen hinsichtlich ihrer langfristigen Wirkung auf die Exporte keine gravierenden Struktureinflüsse nach sich ziehen. Befürchtungen, dass beispielsweise eine längeranhaltende Abwertung des Euro den langfristigen Wachstumspfad der Exporte der Euro-Länder deutlich unterschiedlich beeinflussen könnte, bestätigen sich damit nicht. Unterschiede zwischen den Volkswirtschaften zeigen sich lediglich mit Blick auf den Anpassungsprozess infolge einer Wechselkursänderung.
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