Consequences of China’s Opening to Foreign Banks
Ran Li, Xiang Li, Wen Lei, Yiping Huang
L. Song, R. Garnaut, C. Fang, L. Johnston (Hrsg.), China's Domestic Transformation in a Global Context. Acton: ANU Press,
forthcoming
Abstract
China’s government has recently implemented additional reforms to relax the regulatory environment for foreign banks. Specifically, State Council Order No. 657, signed by Premier Li Keqiang, announced a decision to revise the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on the Administration of Foreign-Funded Banks, effective from 1 January 2015. Implications of the revised regulations include removal of the requirement that a minimum of RMB100 million operating capital be transferred unconditionally from the overseas parent bank to the newly opened Chinese branch. In addition, in terms of the conditions attached to the right to carry out RMB-denominated activity, foreign banks are now eligible to apply to undertake local currency business after operating in China for one year—down from the previous three years. The requirement for two consecutive years of profit will be scrapped as well.
Read article
Konjunktur aktuell: Deutsche Konjunktur: Starkes Winterhalbjahr und weiter robuste Dynamik
Konjunktur aktuell,
No. 2,
2015
Abstract
Die gesamtwirtschaftliche Produktion ist in Deutschland im Jahr 2014 wieder spürbar ausgeweitet worden, insbesondere dank einer Belebung der Investitionstätigkeit und des privaten Konsums. Im Winterhalbjahr 2014/2015 dürfte der Produktionsanstieg besonders kräftig ausfallen. Auch wenn das Expansionstempo im weiteren Jahresverlauf wieder etwas abflacht, sprechen günstige Rahmenbedingungen wie gesunkene Energiekosten und sehr niedrige Finanzierungskosten für eine gute Konjunktur in den Jahren 2015 und 2016. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt dürfte im Jahr 2015 um 2,0% zulegen (66%-Prognoseintervall: 1,6% bis 2,5%).
Read article
Assessing European Competitiveness: The New CompNet Microbased Database
Paloma Lopez-Garcia, Filippo di Mauro
ECB Working Paper,
No. 1764,
2015
Abstract
Drawing from confidential firm-level balance sheets for 17 European countries (13 Euro-Area), the paper documents the newly expanded database of cross-country comparable competitiveness-related indicators built by the Competitiveness Research Network (CompNet). The new database provides information on the distribution of labour productivity, TFP, ULC or size of firms in detailed 2-digit industries but also within broad macrosectors or considering the full economy. Most importantly, the expanded database includes detailed information on critical determinants of competitiveness such as the financial position of the firm, its exporting intensity, employment creation or price-cost margins. Both the distribution of all those variables, within each industry, but also their joint analysis with the productivity of the firm provides critical insights to both policy-makers and researchers regarding aggregate trends dynamics. The current database comprises 17 EU countries, with information for 56 industries, including both manufacturing and services, over the period 1995-2012. The paper aims at analysing the structure and characteristics of this novel database, pointing out a number of results that are relevant to study productivity developments and its drivers. For instance, by using covariances between productivity and employment the paper shows that the drop in employment which occurred during the recent crisis appears to have had “cleansing effects” on EU economies, as it seems to have accelerated resource reallocation towards the most productive firms, particularly in economies under stress. Lastly, this paper will be complemented by four forthcoming papers, each providing an in-depth description and methodological overview of each of the main groups of CompNet indicators (financial, trade-related, product and labour market).
Read article
Is There Monopsonistic Discrimination against Immigrants?
Boris Hirsch, Elke J. Jahn
ILR Review,
No. 3,
2015
Abstract
The authors investigate immigrants’ and natives’ labor supply to the firm within an estimation approach based on a dynamic monopsony framework. Applying duration models that account for unobserved worker heterogeneity to a large administrative employer–employee data set for Germany, they find that immigrants supply labor less elastically to firms than do natives. Under monopsonistic wage setting, the estimated elasticity differential predicts a 7.7 log points wage penalty for immigrants thereby accounting for the entire unexplained native–immigrant wage differential of 5.8 to 8.2 log points. When further distinguishing immigrant groups differing in their time spent in the German labor market, their immigration cohort, and their age at entry, the authors find that the observed unexplained wage differential is larger for those groups that show a larger elasticity differential relative to natives. These findings not only suggest that search frictions are a likely cause of employers’ more pronounced monopsony power over their immigrant workers but also imply that employers profit from discriminating against immigrants.
Read article
Konjunktur aktuell: Deutsche Konjunktur kommt langsam wieder in Schwung
Konjunktur aktuell,
No. 1,
2015
Abstract
Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt in Deutschland stieg im Jahr 2014 um 1,5% und wird im Jahr 2015 wohl um 1,3% zulegen. Nach einem schwachen Winterhalbjahr dürfte die deutsche Konjunktur langsam wieder in Schwung kommen, auch weil der niedrige Ölpreis für deutsche Haushalte und Unternehmen eine Kostenentlastung bedeutet. Der Verbraucherpreisindex dürfte im Jahr 2015 um 1,1% zunehmen. Die Arbeitslosenquote wird wohl auf ihrem aktuellen Niveau von 6,4% verharren, obwohl vom flächendeckenden Mindestlohn für sich genommen negative Beschäftigungseffekte ausgehen werden.
Read article
Returns to Skills around the World: Evidence from PIAAC
Eric A. Hanushek, Guido Schwerdt, Simon Wiederhold, Ludger Woessmann
European Economic Review,
January
2015
Abstract
Existing estimates of the labor-market returns to human capital give a distorted picture of the role of skills across different economies. International comparisons of earnings analyses rely almost exclusively on school attainment measures of human capital, and evidence incorporating direct measures of cognitive skills is mostly restricted to early-career workers in the United States. Analysis of the new PIAAC survey of adult skills over the full lifecycle in 23 countries shows that the focus on early-career earnings leads to underestimating the lifetime returns to skills by about one quarter. On average, a one-standard-deviation increase in numeracy skills is associated with an 18 percent wage increase among prime-age workers. But this masks considerable heterogeneity across countries. Eight countries, including all Nordic countries, have returns between 12 and 15 percent, while six are above 21 percent with the largest return being 28 percent in the United States. Estimates are remarkably robust to different earnings and skill measures, additional controls, and various subgroups. Instrumental-variable models that use skill variation stemming from school attainment, parental education, or compulsory-schooling laws provide even higher estimates. Intriguingly, returns to skills are systematically lower in countries with higher union density, stricter employment protection, and larger public-sector shares.
Read article
Langzeitleistungsbezug und Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit – Bericht zum 11. IWH/IAB-Workshop zur Arbeitsmarktpolitik –
Birgit Schultz, L. Krüger
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2014
Abstract
Im Rahmen des IWH/IAB-Workshops zur Arbeitsmarktpolitik am 1. und 2. Oktober 2014 in Halle (Saale) trafen sich zum elften Mal Vertreter aus Wissenschaft, Politik, Verwaltung und Wirtschaft, um sich aus ökonomischer und soziologischer Sicht über neue Entwicklungen und Erkenntnisse zu den Themen langfristiger Sozialleistungsbezug und Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit auszutauschen. Der Fokus der Workshops, die als Bindeglied zwischen Theorie und Praxis konzipiert sind, lag dabei auf den Ursachen und Konsequenzen der Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit sowie auf möglichen Lösungsansätzen.
Read article
25 Years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall: The Economic Integration of East Germany
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
2014
Abstract
Citizens of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) regained their civil liberties when the Berlin Wall fell 25 years ago. Since then, they have been able to travel freely and have been free to choose where to live and work. The fall of the Berlin Wall was quickly followed by preparations for German Unification at a speed unparalleled in history: the first free Volkskammer elections on 18 March 1990, the economic, monetary and social union on 1 July 1990, and finally, the unification of Germany when the GDR was included in the jurisdiction of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany. The integration of the economies of East and West Germany, however, has proven to be a drawn-out process.
Read article
25 Jahre nach dem Mauerfall: Wirtschaftliche Integration Ostdeutschlands im Spiegel der Forschung am IWH
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
2014
Abstract
Als vor 25 Jahren die Berliner Mauer fiel, gewannen die Bürger der DDR ihre bürgerlichen Freiheiten zurück. Sie können seitdem frei reisen und ihren Wohn- und Arbeitsort frei wählen. Auf den Mauerfall folgten in historisch einmaligem Tempo Weichenstellungen zur Deutschen Einheit: erste freie Volkskammerwahlen am 18.03.1990, die Wirtschafts-, Währungs- und Sozialunion am 01.07.1990 und schließlich die Einheit Deutschlands durch den Beitritt der DDR zum Geltungsbereich des Grundgesetzes der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Die Integration der ost- und westdeutschen Wirtschaft ist allerdings ein langwieriger Prozess.
Read article
