Exploring the Evolution of Innovation Networks in Science-driven and Scale-intensive Industries: New Evidence from a Stochastic Actor-based Approach
T. Buchmann, D. Hain, Muhamed Kudic, M. Müller
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 1,
2014
Abstract
Our primary goal is to analyse the drivers of evolutionary network change processes by using a stochastic actor-based simulation approach. We contribute to the literature by combining two unique datasets, concerning the German laser and automotive industry, between 2002 and 2006 to explore whether geographical, network-related, and techno-logical determinants affect the evolution of networks, and if so, as to what extent these determinants systematically differ for science-driven industries compared to scale-intensive industries. Our results provide empirical evidence for the explanatory power of network-related determinants in both industries. The ‘experience effect’ as well as the ‘transitivity effects’ are significant for both industries but more pronounced for laser manufacturing firms. When it comes to ‘geographical effects’ and ‘technological ef-fects’ the picture changes considerably. While geographical proximity plays an important role in the automotive industry, firms in the laser industry seem to be less dependent on geographical closeness to cooperation partners; instead they rather search out for cooperation opportunities in distance. This might reflect the strong dependence of firms in science-driven industries to access diverse external knowledge, which cannot necessarily be found in the close geographical surrounding. Technological proximity negatively influences cooperation decisions for laser source manufacturers, yet has no impact for automotive firms. In other words, technological heterogeneity seems to ex-plain, at least in science-driven industries, the attractiveness of potential cooperation partners.
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Changing Forces of Gravity: How the Crisis Affected International Banking
Claudia M. Buch, Katja Neugebauer, Christoph Schröder
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 15,
2013
Abstract
The global financial crisis has brought to an end a rather unprecedented period of banks’ international expansion. We analyze the effects of the crisis on international banking. Using a detailed dataset on the international assets of all German banks with foreign affiliates for the years 2002-2011, we study bank internationalization before and during the crisis. Our data allow analyzing not only the international assets of the banks’ headquarters but also of their foreign affiliates. We show that banks have lowered their international assets, both along the extensive and the intensive margin. This withdrawal from foreign markets is the result of changing market conditions, of policy interventions, and of a weakly increasing sensitivity of banks to financial frictions.
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IWH-Bauumfrage im dritten Quartal 2013: Baugeschäfte deutlich im Aufwind
Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2013
Abstract
Das Geschäftsklima unter mehr als 300 Unternehmen im ostdeutschen Baugewerbe hat sich laut IWH-Umfrage im dritten Quartal 2013 nochmals deutlich verbessert. Maßgeblich war eine von den Unternehmen gemeldete Verbesserung der Geschäftslage. Wesentlich dazu beigetragen haben Aufholeffekte nach derwitterungsbedingten Produktionsschwäche zu Jahresbeginn, die sich wegen des Hochwassers vor allem in den Regionen Sachsens und Sachsen-Anhalts noch in den Spätsommer hineingezogenen haben. Dazu kommen akute, flutbedingte Sanierungsarbeiten, angesichts derer sich die Auftragslage bis zuletzt auf hohem Niveau gehalten hat.
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IWH-Industrieumfrage im dritten Quartal 2013: Optimistische Aussichten erwärmen das Geschäftsklima
Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2013
Abstract
Im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe Ostdeutschlands hellt sich die konjunkturelle Stimmung auf. Darauf verweisen die Ergebnisse der IWH-Industrieumfrage unter rund 300 Unternehmen. Dieser Befund ist weniger der Beurteilung der aktuellen Lage geschuldet, obgleich sie in der Industrie insgesamt drei Saldenpunkte höher liegt als im Vorquartal. Eine spürbare Verbesserung zeigt sich vielmehr bei den Erwartungen an die Geschäfte in den nächsten sechs Monaten. Diese optimistischen Einschätzungen teilen alle fachlichen Hauptgruppen, wenn auch in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß.
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Start-up Competitions as an Instrument of Entrepreneurship Policy: The German Experience
Michael Schwartz, Maximilian Göthner, Claus Michelsen, N. Waldmann
European Planning Studies,
No. 10,
2013
Abstract
The number of aspiring entrepreneurs in high-tech industries who successfully complete the transition from a nascent start-up project towards an operational new venture is comparatively low in Germany. Since the mid-1990s, policy-makers have initiated numerous start-up competitions (SUCs or business plan competitions) to facilitate this important step in the venture creation process. SUCs have two key objectives. They are aimed at increasing start-up activity by motivating potential entrepreneurs, while they should also help to increase the likelihood of subsequent entrepreneurial success through providing necessary entrepreneurial skills to prospective entrepreneurs. With our explorative study, we provide the first comprehensive empirical evidence from a cross-sectional survey of existing SUCs in Germany. Overall, 71 SUCs are identified which are analysed regarding their development, regional distribution, and main structural characteristics. Finally, we outline an agenda of future research questions concerning the effectiveness and efficiency of SUCs as an instrument of entrepreneurship policy.
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Banks and Sovereign Risk: A Granular View
Claudia M. Buch, Michael Koetter, Jana Ohls
Abstract
In this paper, we use detailed data on the sovereign debt holdings of all German banks to analyse the determinants of sovereign debt exposures and the implications of sovereign exposures for bank risk. Our main findings are as follows. First, sovereign bond holdings are heterogeneous across banks. Larger, weakly capitalised banks and banks with a small depositor base hold more sovereign bonds. Around 31% of all German banks hold no sovereign bonds at all. Second, the sensitivity of banks to macroeconomic factors increased significantly in the post-Lehman period. Banks hold more bonds from euro area countries, from low-inflation countries, and from countries with high sovereign bond yields. Third, there has been no marked impact of sovereign bond holdings on bank risk. This result could indicate the widespread absence of marking-to-market for sovereign bond holdings at the onset of the sovereign debt crisis in Europe.
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IWH-Industrieumfrage im zweiten Quartal 2013: Stimmungseintrübung setzt sich fort
Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 4,
2013
Abstract
Im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe Ostdeutschlands setzt sich die Abkühlung des Geschäftsklimas auch im zweiten Quartal 2013 fort. Das zeigen die Ergebnisse der IWH-Industrieumfrage unter rund 300 Unternehmen. Die aktuelle Geschäftslage wird nochmals weniger gut als im Vorquartal eingeschätzt. Seit etwa einem Jahr hat sich die Lagebewertung stetig verschlechtert. Der Saldo entspricht derzeit dem langfristigen Mittel. Die Auftragslage ist gegenüber dem Vorquartal unverändert, ebenso die Produktionslage.
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IWH-Bauumfrage im zweiten Quartal 2013: Aufschwung zunächst durch Flut gedämpft
Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 4,
2013
Abstract
Das Geschäftsklima im ostdeutschen Baugewerbe hat sich laut IWH-Umfrage unter mehr als 300 Unternehmen im zweiten Quartal 2013 kaum verbessert. Die für das Frühjahr erwarteten Nachholeffekte nach den witterungsbedingten Behinderungen zu Jahresbeginn sind offensichtlich aufgrund der langanhaltenden Regenfälle Ende Mai und der darauffolgenden Überschwemmungen nur zum Teil zum Tragen gekommen.
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Survival of Spinoffs and Other Startups: First Evidence for the Private Sector in Germany, 1976-2008
Daniel Fackler, Claus Schnabel
Abstract
Using a 50 percent sample of all establishments in the German private sector, we report that spinoffs are larger and initially employ more skilled and more experienced workers than other startups. Controlling for these and other differences, we find that spinoffs are less likely to exit than other startups. We show that in West and East Germany and in all sectors investigated pulled spinoffs (where the parent company continues after they are founded) generally have the lowest exit hazards, followed by pushed spinoffs (where the parent company stops operations). The difference between both types of spinoffs is particularly pronounced in the first three years. Contrary to expectations, intra-industry spinoffs are not found to have lower exit hazards in our sample.
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Do Banks Benefit from Internationalization? Revisiting the Market Power–Risk Nexus
Claudia M. Buch, C. T. Koch, Michael Koetter
Review of Finance,
No. 4,
2013
Abstract
We analyze the impact of bank internationalization on domestic market power (Lerner index) and risk for German banks. Risk is measured by the official declaration of regulatory authorities that a bank is distressed. We distinguish the volume of foreign assets, the number of foreign countries, and different modes of foreign entry. Our analysis has three main results. First, higher market power is associated with lower risk. Second, holding assets in many countries reduce market power at home, but banks with a higher share of foreign assets exhibit higher market power. Third, bank internationalization is only weakly related to bank risk.
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