Technology Clubs, R&D and Growth Patterns: Evidence from EU Manufacturing
Claire Economidou, J. W. B. Bos, Michael Koetter
European Economic Review,
No. 1,
2010
Abstract
This paper investigates the forces driving output change in a panel of EU manufacturing industries. A flexible modeling strategy is adopted that accounts for: (i) inefficient use of resources and (ii) differences in the production technology across industries. With our model we are able to identify technical, efficiency, and input growth for endogenously determined technology clubs. Technology club membership is modeled as a function of R&D intensity. This framework allows us to explore the components of output growth in each club, technology spillovers and catch-up issues across industries and countries.
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Transposition Frictions, Banking Union, and Integrated Financial Markets in Europe
Michael Koetter, Thomas Krause, Lena Tonzer
G20 Insights Policy Brief, Policy Area "Financial Resilience",
2017
Abstract
In response to the financial crisis of 2007/2008, policymakers implemented comprehensive changes concerning the regulation and supervision of banks. Many of those changes, including Basel III or the directives pertaining to the Single Rulebook in the European Union (EU), are agreed upon at the supranational level, which constitutes a key step towards harmonized regulation and supervision in an integrated European financial market. However, the success of these reforms depends on the uniform and timely implementation at the national level. Avoiding strategic delays to implement EU regulation into national laws should thus constitute a main target of the G20.
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The Determinants of Bank Capital Structure
Reint E. Gropp, Florian Heider
Review of Finance,
No. 4,
2010
Abstract
The paper shows that mispriced deposit insurance and capital regulation were of second-order importance in determining the capital structure of large U.S. and European banks during 1991 to 2004. Instead, standard cross-sectional determinants of non-financial firms’ leverage carry over to banks, except for banks whose capital ratio is close to the regulatory minimum. Consistent with a reduced role of deposit insurance, we document a shift in banks’ liability structure away from deposits towards non-deposit liabilities. We find that unobserved time-invariant bank fixed-effects are ultimately the most important determinant of banks’ capital structures and that banks’ leverage converges to bank specific, time-invariant targets.
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Do We Need New Modelling Approaches in Macroeconomics?
Claudia M. Buch, Oliver Holtemöller
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 8,
2014
Abstract
The economic and financial crisis that emerged in 2008 also initiated an intense discussion on macroeconomic research and the role of economists in society. The debate focuses on three main issues. Firstly, it is argued that economists failed to predict the crisis and to design early warning systems. Secondly, it is claimed that economists use models of the macroeconomy which fail to integrate financial markets and which are inadequate to model large economic crises. Thirdly, the issue has been raised that economists invoke unrealistic assumptions concerning human behaviour by assuming that all agents are self-centred, rationally optimizing individuals. In this paper, we focus on the first two issues. Overall, our thrust is that the above statements are a caricature of modern economic theory and empirics. A rich field of research developed already before the crisis and picked up shortcomings of previous models.
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Changing Forces of Gravity: How the Crisis Affected International Banking
Claudia M. Buch, Katja Neugebauer, Christoph Schröder
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 15,
2013
Abstract
The global financial crisis has brought to an end a rather unprecedented period of banks’ international expansion. We analyze the effects of the crisis on international banking. Using a detailed dataset on the international assets of all German banks with foreign affiliates for the years 2002-2011, we study bank internationalization before and during the crisis. Our data allow analyzing not only the international assets of the banks’ headquarters but also of their foreign affiliates. We show that banks have lowered their international assets, both along the extensive and the intensive margin. This withdrawal from foreign markets is the result of changing market conditions, of policy interventions, and of a weakly increasing sensitivity of banks to financial frictions.
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Granularity in Banking and Growth: Does Financial Openness Matter?
Franziska Bremus, Claudia M. Buch
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 14,
2013
Abstract
We explore the impact of large banks and of financial openness for aggregate growth. Large banks matter because of granular effects: if markets are very concentrated in terms of the size distribution of banks, idiosyncratic shocks at the bank-level do not cancel out in the aggregate but can affect macroeconomic outcomes. Financial openness may affect GDP growth in and of itself, and it may also influence concentration in banking and thus the impact of bank-specific shocks for the aggregate economy. To test these relationships, we use different measures of de jure and de facto financial openness in a linked micro-macro panel dataset. Our research has three main findings: First, bank-level shocks significantly impact on GDP. Second, financial openness lowers GDP growth. Third, granular effects tend to be stronger in financially closed economies.
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Analysis of statements made in favour of and against the adoption of competition law in developing and transition economies
Franz Kronthaler, Johannes Stephan, Frank Emmert
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 1,
2005
Abstract
The paper is concerned with documenting and assessing statements made by policy-makers, opinion formers, and other stakeholders in favour and against the adoption of competition laws with particular reference to transition and developing countries which have not yet enacted these kind of laws. For example, claims that competition enforcement might reduce the inflow of foreign direct investment, or that other policies are successfully used as substitutes for competition law, are assessed. In a first step, the method of generalized analysis structures the list of statements around core issues of common features to make them accessible to further interpretation and assessment.
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Wechselwirkungen zwischen der finanzintermediatorischen Tätigkeit kommunaler Kreditinstitute und dem kommunalen Raum
Martin Wengler
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 6,
2006
Abstract
Die kommunalen Kreditinstitute oder „Sparkassen“ gehörten in Deutschland über Jahrzehnte hinweg zum „klassischen“ Bereich der kommunalen Wirtschaftstätigkeit, die sich in der Zeit des „Munizipalsozialismus“ im ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert herausgebildet hat und seinerzeit als ein großer Fortschritt angesehen wurde. Heute hat sich das Blatt deutlich gewendet und die kommunalwirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten werden seit geraumer Zeit zunehmend in Frage gestellt. Diese Entwicklung nimmt die vorliegende Studie als Ausgangspunkt, um die ökonomischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Sparkassen und dem kommunalen Raum zu untersuchen und insbesondere mögliche Impulse der Sparkassen auf die regionale Entwicklung zu analysieren. Mit dem Instrumentarium der Neuen Institutionenökonomik werden typische Sparkasseninstitutionen, wie der öffentliche Auftrag, das Regionalprinzip oder die Anstaltslast und Gewährträgerhaftung auf ihre Effizienz hin untersucht, finanzintermediatorische Funktionen zu gewährleisten. Als Benchmark der Leistungsfähigkeit werden dabei die privaten Geschäftsbanken herangezogen. Darauf aufbauend wird die Geschäftstätigkeit dieser beiden Bankengruppen in Abhängigkeit von sozioökonomischen kommunalen Strukturmerkmalen empirisch untersucht. Die empirische Analyse fokussiert dabei auf die neuen Bundesländer, da diese Region aufgrund ihrer Strukturschwäche besonders dazu geeignet ist, die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Sparkassen und dem kommunalen Raum zu beleuchten.
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Economic development cores in East German regions: branch concentrations, company networks and innovative fields of competence of the economy
Martin T. W. Rosenfeld, Peter Franz, Jutta Günther, Gerhard Heimpold, Franz Kronthaler
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 5,
2006
Abstract
Der Begriff „Cluster“ ist in jüngster Zeit für die Akteure der Raumentwicklungspolitik auf allen Ebenen des Staates fast zu einer Art Zauberformel zur Beschwörung der Kräfte des regionalen Wirtschaftswachstums geworden. Die Sache hat allerdings mindestens zwei Haken: erstens hat jeder Akteur seine eigene Auffassung von dem, was unter Clustern zu verstehen ist; zweitens besteht ebenfalls keine Einigkeit darüber, mit welchen Strategien die vorhandenen Cluster unterstützt oder neue Cluster entwickelt werden sollten.
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Die Wissenschaftseinrichtungen als Standortfaktor - eine handlungsorientierte empirische Untersuchung über das Wissenstransferpotenzial in einer Region, dargestellt am Beispiel der Wissenschaftseinrichtungen in der Region Halle -
Diana Roth
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 4,
2006
Abstract
Neuere Ansätze der Stadt- und Regionalökonomik billigen u. a. der Entstehung und Vermittlung von Wissen eine wesentliche Bedeutung für lokale und regionale Wachstumsprozesse zu. Dabei sind allerdings noch zahlreiche Wirkungszusammenhänge ungeklärt. Vorliegende Untersuchungen zu regionalen Innovationssystemen arbeiten vorwiegend mit sekundärstatistischen Daten auf einem recht hohen Aggregationsniveau. Ein tieferer Einblick in die Funktionsweise regionaler Innovationssysteme gelingt damit nicht. Hierfür sind Detailstudien auf der Basis von Primärerhebungen erforderlich, mit denen sich unterschiedliche Arten von Wissenstransfers und der Wissensgenerierung auf ihre Bedeutung unter jeweils unterschiedlichen regionalen Rahmenbedingungen hin überprüfen lassen.
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