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Konjunktur aktuell: Gute Konjunktur in Deutschland und in der Welt

Oliver Holtemöller, Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Andrej Drygalla, Katja Heinisch, Martina Kämpfe, Konstantin Kiesel, Axel Lindner, Brigitte Loose, Jan-Christopher Scherer, Birgit Schultz, Matthias Wieschemeyer, Götz Zeddies
Konjunktur aktuell, No. 2, 2017
Abstract
Im Frühsommer 2017 ist die konjunkturelle Dynamik in der Welt recht kräftig. Wichtige Rahmenbedingungen für die Weltwirtschaft dürften günstig bleiben: Die Zinsen werden weiterhin fast überall niedrig sein, und das im Allgemeinen ruhige Preisklima deutet darauf hin, dass von der Angebotsseite insgesamt bislang kaum Spannungen ausgehen. Die deutsche Wirtschaft befindet sich bereits seit Frühjahr 2013 in einem langgezogenen Aufschwung; sie wird im Sommerhalbjahr wohl weiter deutlich expandieren. Die Binnennachfrage und wegen der günstigen Arbeitsmarktlage insbesondere der private Konsum dürften kräftig bleiben. Die privaten Haushalte werden bei anhaltend günstigen Finanzierungsbedingungen auch ihre Bauaktivitäten weiter ausweiten, ebenso die Gebietskörperschaften, zumal die Steuereinnahmen hoch sind. Die Zuwachsrate des Bruttoinlandsprodukts ist allerdings wegen der geringeren Zahl an Arbeitstagen in diesem Jahr mit 1,6% niedriger als im Jahr 2016. Im kommenden Jahr dürfte der Zuwachs 1,8% betragen. Mit jeweils 1,7% in diesem und im nächsten Jahr fällt der Anstieg der Verbraucherpreise moderat aus, aber deutlich stärker als in den drei Jahren zuvor. Die Arbeitslosigkeit nimmt zunächst weiter ab. Die öffentlichen Haushalte erzielen weiterhin deutliche Überschüsse, auch in konjunkturbereinigter Rechnung. Die ostdeutsche Wirtschaft dürfte im Jahr 2017 wie bereits im Jahr zuvor um zwei Zehntel Prozentpunkte stärker zulegen als in Deutschland insgesamt. Risiken für die deutsche Wirtschaft resultieren vor allem aus den globalen wirtschaftspolitischen Rahmenbedingungen.
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07.06.2017 • 24/2017

IWH-Lunchbag-Seminar zur Abschaffung von Bargeld „Abolishing Cash: An Effective Instrument for Fighting the Shadow Economy, Crime and Terrorism?“

Das Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) lädt am Donnerstag, dem 8. Juni 2017 um 13:00 Uhr zu einem Lunchbag-Seminar zum Thema „Abolishing Cash: An Effective Instrument for Fighting the Shadow Economy, Crime and Terrorism?“ mit Friedrich Schneider von der Johannes Kepler Universität Linz in den Konferenzsaal des Instituts ein.

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Monetary Policy in an Oil-dependent Economy in the Presence of Multiple Shocks

Andrej Drygalla
IWH Discussion Papers, No. 14, 2017
published in: Review of World Economics
Abstract
Russian monetary policy has been challenged by large and continuous private capital outflows and a sharp drop in oil prices during 2014, with both ongoings having put a significant depreciation pressure on the ruble and having led the central bank to eventually give up its exchange rate management strategy. Against this background, this paper estimates a small open economy model for Russia, featuring an oil price sector and extended by a specification of the foreign exchange market to correctly account for systematic central bank interventions. We find that shocks to the oil price and private capital flows substantially affect domestic variables such as inflation, output and the exchange rate. Simulations of the model for the estimated actual strategy and five alternative regimes suggest that the vulnerability of the Russian economy to external shocks can substantially be lowered by adopting some form of an inflation targeting strategy. Foreign exchange intervention-based policy strategies to target the nominal exchange rate or the ruble price of oil, on the other hand, prove inferior to the policy in place.
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Do Local Banking Market Structures Matter for SME Financing and Performance? New Evidence from an Emerging Economy

Iftekhar Hasan, Krzysztof Jackowicz, Oskar Kowalewski, Łukasz Kozłowski
Journal of Banking and Finance, 2017
Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between local banking structures and SMEs’ access to debt and performance. Using a unique dataset on bank branch locations in Poland and firm-, county-, and bank-level data, we conclude that a strong position for local cooperative banks facilitates access to bank financing, lowers financial costs, boosts investments, and favours growth for SMEs. Moreover, counties in which cooperative banks hold a strong position are characterized by a more rapid pace of new firm creation. The opposite effects appear in the majority of cases for local banking markets dominated by foreign-owned banks. Consequently, our findings are important from a policy perspective because they show that foreign bank entry and industry consolidation may raise valid concerns for SME prospects in emerging economies.
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From World Factory to World Investor: The New Way of China Integrating into the World

Bijun Wang, Xiang Li
China Economic Journal, No. 2, 2017
Abstract
This paper argues that outward direct investment (ODI) is replacing international trade as the new way China integrates into the world. Based on two complementary datasets, we document the pattern of Chinese ODI. We argue that the rapid growth of China’s ODI is the result of strong economic development, increasing domestic constraints, and supportive government policies. Compared with trade integration, investment integration involves China more deeply in global business. As a new global investor, China’s ODI in the future is full of opportunities, risks, and challenges. The Chinese government should improve bureaucracy coordination and participate more in designing and maintaining international rules to protect ODI interests.
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Do We Want These Two to Tango? On Zombie Firms and Stressed Banks in Europe

Manuela Storz, Michael Koetter, Ralph Setzer, Andreas Westphal
IWH Discussion Papers, No. 13, 2017
Abstract
We show that the speed and type of corporate deleveraging depends on the interaction between corporate and financial sector health. Based on granular bank-firm data pertaining to small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) from five stressed and two non-stressed euro area economies, we show that “zombie” firms generally continued to lever up during the 2010–2014 period. Whereas relationships with stressed banks reduce SME leverage on average, we also show that zombie firms that are tied to weak banks in euro area periphery countries increase their indebtedness even further. Sustainable economic recovery therefore requires both: deleveraging of banks and firms.
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Expertise in the Political Process — Benefits, Limits and Risks

Aida Ćumurović, Reint E. Gropp, Lars Brozus, Oliver Geden, Uwe Schneidewind, Karl-Heinz Paqué, Lars P. Feld
Wirtschaftsdienst, No. 4, 2017
Abstract
Die Wahl Donald Trumps, der Brexit und der Erfolg populistischer Parteien in Europa zeigen tiefsitzende Skepsis gegenüber Experten und Eliten und deren komplexen Erklärungen der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Zusammenhänge. Ökonomen wird vorgeworfen, sich in Detailfragen zu verlieren und ein unrealistisches Menschenbild zu pflegen. Tatsächlich wäre es aber wichtig, die Unabhängigkeit der Ökonomen abzusichern, mehr Transparenz über die Hintergründe ihrer Ergebnisse herzustellen und stärker auf die Relevanz ihrer Forschungsfragen zu achten. Zudem sollten sie mehr Wert auf eine für alle verständliche Kommunikation mit Politik und Medien legen. Umgekehrt sollten letztere sich aber auch ernsthaft mit den ökonomischen Ergebnissen auseinandersetzen.
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EFN Report Spring 2017: Economic Outlook for the Euro Area in 2017 and 2018

EFN Reports, No. 2, 2017
Abstract
Global economic activity appears to be expanding rapidly during spring 2017. Confidence among managers is either strong or has improved in all major regions, and world trade and industrial production have, after two years of weakness, picked up markedly during last winter. For 2 ½ years, the euro area economy has now been constantly expanding at an annual rate of about 1.6%, slightly above potential. Employment has also been expanding steadily. Production and employment have been recently rising almost everywhere, including countries such as France and Italy where unemployment rates still do not appear to be on a downward trend. Official investment data for 2015 and 2016 appear to be distorted: big multinational firms relocated parts of their assets (intellectual property products in particular) or their registered business offices from countries outside the euro area to Ireland. As a consequence, reported gross fixed capital formation in Ireland expanded by 33% in 2015 and by 45% in 2016. Without this effect, investment growth in the euro area is about one percentage point lower in 2015 and 2016. Headline inflation hit 2% in February, but this was only the effect of higher world oil prices. The core rate is stubbornly at slightly below 1%, and wages rise annually by scarcely 1.5%. The revival of the economy will have to continue for considerably more time until inflation will come close to the ECB target zone. As monetary conditions continue to support growth, financial policies will be slightly expansive, and a certain external stimulus should come from the apparent recovery of world trade. Overall, we forecast euro area GDP to expand by 1.7% in both 2017 and 2018. However, policy uncertainty is substantial and could have a negative effect. In particular, elections in member states might give power to movements that aim at disintegrating Europe. Such a turn could rapidly undermine confidence, in particular in the financial strength of highly indebted member states.
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12.04.2017 • 19/2017

Joint Economic Forecast Spring 2017: Upturn in Germany strengthens in spite of global economic risks

The German economy is already in the fifth year of a moderate upturn. According to the Gemeinschaftsdiagnose (GD, joint economic forecast) that was prepared by Germany’s five leading economic research institutes on behalf of the Federal Government, capacity utilization is gradually increasing, and aggregate production capacities are now likely to have slightly exceeded their normal utilisation levels. However, cyclical dynamics remain low compared to earlier periods of recoveries, as consumption expenditures, which do not exhibit strong fluctuations, have been the main driving force so far. In addition, net migration increases potential output, counteracting a stronger capacity tightening. “Gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to expand by 1.5% (1.8% adjusted for calendar effects) and 1.8% in the next year. Unemployment is expected to fall to 6.1% in 2016, to 5.7% in 2017 and 5.4% in 2018”, says Oliver Holtemöller, Head of the Department Macroeconomics and vice president of the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) – Member of the Leibniz Association. Inflation is expected to increase markedly over the forecast horizon. After an increase in consumer prices of only 0.5% in 2016, the inflation rate is expected to rise to 1.8% in 2017 and 1.7% in 2018. The public budget surplus will reduce only modestly. Public finances are slightly stimulating economic activity in the current year and are cyclically neutral in the year ahead.

Oliver Holtemöller
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Private Equity and Industry Performance

Shai B. Bernstein, Josh Lerner, Morten Sorensen, Per Strömberg
Management Science, No. 4, 2017
Abstract
The growth of the private equity industry has spurred concerns about its impact on the economy. This analysis looks across nations and industries to assess the impact of private equity on industry performance. We find that industries where private equity funds invest grow more quickly in terms of total production and employment and appear less exposed to aggregate shocks. Our robustness tests provide some evidence that is consistent with our effects being driven by our preferred channel.
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