Distance and International Banking
Claudia M. Buch
Review of International Economics,
No. 4,
2005
Abstract
This paper asks how important distance is as a determinant of international banking and whether distance has become less important over time. If technological progress has lowered information costs and if information costs increase in distance, the importance of distance should have declined. I use data on assets and liabilities of commercial banks from five countries (France, Germany, Italy, UK, and US) in 50 host countries for the years 1983–99 to test this hypothesis. Generally, I find that banks hold significantly lower assets in distant markets and that the importance of distance for the foreign asset holdings of banks has not changed.
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Braucht die E-conomy ein neues Wettbewerbsleitbild?
Ulrich Blum, Michael A. Veltins
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftswissenschaften,
No. 2,
2005
Abstract
Wir untersuchen die Bedingungen, unter denen infolge der Globalisierung, insbesondere des Verfalls der (Informations-) Transaktionskosten Wettbewerbspolitik möglich ist. Dabei gelangen die Arrangements der "E-conomy" und der - als Gegensatz begriffenen - "old economy" in das Zentrum des Interesses. Wir zeigen die wesentlichen Unterschiede zwischen beiden Arrangements auf und prüfen, ob die bekannten Wettbewerbsleitbilder mit der E-conomy grundlegend kompatibel sind. Wir erkennen wesentliche Unvereinbarkeiten, die anschließend vor dem Hintergrund des deutschen Kartellrechts reflektiert werden. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf den Instituten der Mißbrauchsaufsicht sowie der Kontrolle von Kartellen und Fusionen.
Wir zeigen, daß die abstrakte Struktur des deutschen Kartellrechts hinreichend ist, daß eine vermehrte Theorieabwägung, welche wettbewerbspolitischen Bedingungen im einzelnen vorliegen, erforderlich wird, um zu wirtschaftlich befriedigenden Ergebnissen zu kommen. Eine besondere Bedeutung gewinnt das Institut der Legalausnahme, das im Rahmen der 7. Kartellrechtsnovelle in das deutsche Kartellrecht im Rahmen der Anpassung an europäisches Recht eingefügt wird.
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Distance, Lending Relationships, and Competition
Hans Degryse, Steven Ongena
Journal of Finance,
No. 1,
2005
Abstract
We study the effect on loan conditions of geographical distance between firms, the lending bank, and all other banks in the vicinity. For our study, we employ detailed contract information from more than 15,000 bank loans to small firms comprising the entire loan portfolio of a large Belgian bank. We report the first comprehensive evidence on the occurrence of spatial price discrimination in bank lending. Loan rates decrease with the distance between the firm and the lending bank and increase with the distance between the firm and competing banks. Transportation costs cause the spatial price discrimination we observe.
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The Impact of Technology and Regulation on the Geographical Scope of Banking
Hans Degryse, Steven Ongena
Oxford Review of Economic Policy,
No. 4,
2004
Abstract
We review how technological advances and changes in regulation may shape the (future) geographical scope of banking. We first review how both physical distance and the presence of borders currently affect bank lending conditions (loan pricing and credit availability) and market presence (branching and servicing). Next we discuss how technology and regulation have altered this impact and analyse the current state of the European banking sector. We discuss both theoretical contributions and empirical work and highlight open questions along the way. We draw three main lessons from the current theoretical and empirical literature: (i) bank lending to small businesses in Europe may be characterized both by (local) spatial pricing and resilient (regional and/or national) market segmentation; (ii) because of informational asymmetries in the retail market, bank mergers and acquisitions seem the optimal route of entering another market, long before cross-border servicing or direct entry are economically feasible; and (iii) current technological and regulatory developments may, to a large extent, remain impotent in further dismantling the various residual but mutually reinforcing frictions in the retail banking markets in Europe. We conclude the paper by offering pertinent policy recommendations based on these three lessons.
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Progress reports from the project "Productivity Gap"
Johannes Stephan
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
No. 3,
2004
Abstract
The project assesses the roles played by determinants of productivity gaps between Accession Countries in Central East Europe and the more advanced countries in Western Europe. The focus is on the respective weights of determinants and their influence on the potentials for future productivity catch-up.
The convenient feature about assessing productivity levels is that they inform us about the narrowing or divergence of income gaps, provide an indication of international competitiveness, and the sustainability of growth paths (technological development).
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Cross-border bank mergers: What lures the rare animal?
Claudia M. Buch, G. DeLong
Journal of Banking and Finance,
No. 9,
2004
Abstract
Although domestic mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the financial services industry have increased steadily over the past two decades, international M&As were until recently relatively rare. Moreover, the share of cross-border mergers in the banking industry is low compared with other industries. This paper uses a novel dataset of over 3000 mergers that took place between 1985 and 2001 to analyze the determinants of international bank mergers. We test the extent to which information costs and regulations hold back merger activity. Our results suggest that information costs significantly impede cross-border bank mergers. Regulations also influence cross-border bank merger activity. Hence, policy makers can create environments that encourage cross-border activity, but information cost barriers must be overcome even in (legally) integrated markets.
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Softening Competition by Inducing Switching in Credit Markets
Jan Bouckaert, Hans Degryse
Journal of Industrial Economics,
No. 1,
2004
Abstract
We show that competing banks relax overall competition by inducing borrowers to switch lenders. We illustrate our findings in a two-period model with adverse selection where banks strategically commit to disclosing borrower information. By doing this, they invite rivals to poach their first-period market. Disclosure of borrower information increases the rival's second-period profits. This dampens competition for serving the first-period market.
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Evaluation of Further Training Programmes with an Optimal Matching Algorithm
Eva Reinowski, Birgit Schultz, Jürgen Wiemers
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 188,
2004
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of further training on the individual unemployment duration of different groups of persons representing individual characteristics and some aspects of the economic environment. The Micro Census Saxony enables us to include additional information about a person's employment history to eliminate the bias resulting from unobservable characteristics and to avoid Ashenfelter's Dip. In order to solve the sample selection problem we employ an optimal full matching assignment, the Hungarian algorithm. The impact of participation in further training is evaluated by comparing the unemployment duration between participants and non-participants using the Kaplan-Meier-estimator. Overall, we find empirical evidence that participation in further training programmes results in even longer unemployment duration.
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Information or Regulation: What Drives the International Activities of Commercial Banks?
Claudia M. Buch
Journal of Money Credit,
No. 6,
2003
Abstract
Information costs and regulatory barriers distinguish international financial markets from national ones. Using panel data on bilateral assets and liabilities of commercial banks, I empirically determine the impact of information, costs and regulations, and I isolate intra-EU financial linkages. I confirm that information costs and regulations are important factors influencing international asset choices of banks, but their relative importance differs among countries.
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Position and perspectives of Saxony-Anhalt in the New Economy
Martin T. W. Rosenfeld, Joachim Ragnitz, Rupert Kawka, Walter Komar
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 6,
2003
Abstract
Der technische Fortschritt zählt zu den zentralen Determinanten des wirtschaftlichen Wachstums. Regionen, in denen viel Forschung und Entwicklung betrieben wird, haben daher eine bessere Ausgangsposition im Standortwettbewerb als solche, wo dies in nur geringerem Maß geschieht. Eine besondere Hoffnung gilt dabei den Hochtechnologiebranchen und nicht zuletzt dem hier untersuchten Informations- und Kommunikationssektor sowie dem Biotechnologiesektor. Diese beiden Bereiche bilden einen wesentlichen Teilbestand der so genannten New Economy. Die Vergangenheit hat gezeigt, dass die New Economy nicht von Krisen verschont bleibt, und so ist ein realistischeres Bild von den Chancen, die diese Hochtechnologien bieten können, entstanden. Dennoch besteht die berechtigte Hoffnung, dass die beiden genannten Branchen weiterhin einen weitreichenden Einfluss auch auf andere Wirtschaftssektoren ausüben, indem sie so genannte Schlüssel- oder Querschnittstechnologien entwickeln und anbieten.
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