Financial crisis and problems yet to solve - Conference proceedings
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 6,
2000
Abstract
Since the beginning of 1997, a currency and/or banking crisis broke out in several transition countries (Bulgaria, Romania, the Czech Republic, Russia, Ukraine). In 1995, Hungary avoided a financial crisis by adjusting properly her macroeconomic policies. Financial markets in transition countries are still small. They gain, however, more and more importance for the entire economy. Part of the countries mentioned are candidates for EU membership. They have to show their ability to stabilize their exchange rates and financial sectors. The fact that overcoming the financial crisis in Asia and Latin America required international assistance (e.g. IMF) underlines the political importance of strategies of preventing such crises in the EU's immediate neighborhood.
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Relationship Lending within a Bank-Based System: Evidence from European Small Business Data
Hans Degryse, Patrick Van Cayseele
Journal of Financial Intermediation,
No. 1,
2000
Abstract
We investigate relationship lending using detailed contract information from nearly 18,000 bank loans to small Belgian firms operating within the continental European bank-based system. Specifically, we investigate the impact of different measures of relationship strength on price and nonprice terms of the loan contract. We test for the possibility of rent shifting by banks. The evidence shows two opposing effects. On the one hand, the loan rate increases with the duration of a bank–firm relationship. On the other hand, the scope of a relationship, defined as the purchase of other information-sensitive products from a bank, decreases the loan's interest rate substantially. Relationship duration and scope thus have opposite effects on loan rates, with the latter being more important. We also find that the collateral requirement is decreasing in the duration of the relationship and increasing in its scope.
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The empirical importance of the real business cycle theory: A comparison of alternative estimation methods
Christian Schumacher
Forschungsreihe,
No. 6,
1999
Abstract
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Labor Market Analysis and Public Policy: The Case of Morocco
Guillermo Hakim, Julia Lane, Javier Miranda
World Bank Economic Review,
No. 3,
1999
Abstract
This article uses detailed industry and household data to understand why Morocco's labor market performed poorly in 1985–95. The data indicate that marked structural changes and weak demand in the product market were responsible. This article makes two contributions to the literature. The first is specific: it underscores that the demand for labor is a derived demand and that the performance of the product market is an important determinant of the performance of the labor market. The second is more general: it demonstrates that this kind of microeconomic analysis, using data sets that are often available in developing countries, can inform policy design.
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Revenue Implications of Trade Liberalization
L. Ebrill, Reint E. Gropp, J. Stotsky
IMF Occasional Papers, No. 180,
No. 180,
1999
Abstract
In recent decades many countries have dismantled trade barriers and opened their economies to international competition. Trade liberalization is seen to promote economic efficiency, international competitiveness, and an expansion of trade, perhaps especially in imperfectly competitive markets. Yet despite this progress in trade liberalization, as evidenced by the conclusion of the Uruguay Round in 1994 and the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, trade barriers are still widespread. Some economies and some sectors (e.g., agriculture in many industrial countries) remain relatively insulated from the global economy by a variety of nontariff and tariff barriers, even as import substitution continues to lose ground as a strategy for economic development.
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The Importance of Standardization from a Competition Perspective
Ulrich Blum, G. Eickhoff, I. Junginger
Innovationsmanagement,
1999
Abstract
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Import substitution on the East German building materials market
Nikolaus Wolf
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 88,
1999
Abstract
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Import percentage of private consumption in Germany in the 1990s
Ruth Grunert
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 3,
1999
Abstract
Mit Hilfe der Input-Output-Rechnung wird der Importgehalt des privaten Konsums für Deutschland ermittelt. Neben den Direktimporten von Konsumgütern wird ein beachtlicher Teil an importierten Vorleistung für den privaten Konsum benötigt. Letztlich fließt rund ein Viertel der Nachfrage der privaten Haushalte in Waren und Dienstleistungen, deren Produktionsstätten nicht in Deutschland liegen.
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Trade deficits in Poland and Estonia: Capital imports versus import penetration and the sustainability of current account deficits
Johannes Stephan
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 82,
1998
Abstract
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Concealed unemployment in West- and East Germany: The importance of hidden manpower reserves
Lioba Trabert
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
1997
Abstract
In Ost- und Westdeutschland kann noch immer nicht von einem einheitlichen Arbeitsmarkt gesprochen werden. Ein Vergleich der beiden Teilarbeitsmärkte allein auf Basis der Arbeitslosenquote gibt daher nur ein unvollständiges Bild wieder. Neben der offenen gibt es einen quantitativ bedeutsamen Umfang verdeckter Arbeitslosigkeit in Form arbeitsmarktpolitischer Maßnahmen sowie der Stillen Reserve. Die Stille Reserve umfaßt alle Personen, die eine Beschäftigung suchen, aber in der amtlichen Arbeitsmarktstatistik nicht registriert sind. Während in Ostdeutschland der Aufbau einer Stillen Reserve bisher kaum stattgefunden hat, arbeitsmarktpolitische Programme hingegen eine vorherrschende Position einnehmen, ist es in Westdeutschland eher umgekehrt. Hier erreicht die Stille Reserve – je nach Abgrenzung –ein Volumen von rund 600.000 bis 2,2 Millionen Personen. Auch wenn die Stille Reserve ihrem Ausmaß nach und hinsichtlich der Wiederbeschäftigungschancen nicht die gleiche Bedeutung wie die offene Arbeitslosigkeit erlangt, stellt sie – wie auch der Umfang arbeitsmarktpolitischer Maßnahmen – ein wichtiges Element zur Quantifizierung des Arbeitsmarktungleichgewichts dar. Allzuoft wird in wirtschafts- und beschäftigungspolitischen Fragestellungen vernachlässigt, daß die verdeckte Arbeitslosigkeit ein zusätzliches Arbeitsangebotspotential darstellt und deswegen ein Zuwachs an Beschäftigung nicht zwangsläufig mit der Reduzierung der offenen Arbeitslosigkeit verbunden ist.
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