Aktuelle Trends: Ostdeutsche Industrie: Auswärtige Investoren stärker von der Krise betroffen als einheimische Eigenständler
Brigitte Loose, Udo Ludwig
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 11,
2011
Abstract
Die ostdeutsche Wirtschaft ist von der Krise in den Jahren 2008/2009 weniger erschüttert worden als die westdeutsche. Das bestätigen jetzt auch erste Untersuchungen auf der Betriebsebene. In Ostdeutschland hatte demnach die Industrie die Hauptlast außerhalb des Finanzsektors zu tragen. Knapp die Hälfte der Industriebetriebe verspürte negative Auswirkungen; in der Gesamtwirtschaft war es nur ein Drittel aller Betriebe.
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15.11.2011 • 46/2011
Ostdeutsche Industrie: Auswärtige Investoren stärker von der Krise betroffen als einheimische Eigenständler
Die ostdeutsche Wirtschaft ist von der Krise in den Jahren 2008/2009 weniger erschüttert worden als die westdeutsche. Das bestätigen jetzt auch erste Untersuchungen auf der Betriebsebene. In Ostdeutschland hatte demnach die Industrie die Hauptlast außerhalb des Finanzsektors zu tragen. Knapp die Hälfte der Industriebetriebe verspürte negative Auswirkungen; in der Gesamtwirtschaft war es nur ein Drittel aller Betriebe.
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IWH-Industrieumfrage im September 2011: Höhenflug beendet
Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 10,
2011
Abstract
Das Geschäftsklima im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe Ostdeutschlands hat sich stark abgekühlt. Dies geht aus den Ergebnissen der IWH-Industrieumfrage vom September unter rund 300 Unternehmen hervor. Die Unternehmen schätzen beide Komponenten des Klimas deutlich schlechter ein als im Juli. So ging der Saldo aus positiven und negativen Bewertungen der aktuellen Geschäftslage um acht Punkte zurück und der Saldo der Geschäftsaussichten für die nächsten sechs Monate sogar um 24 Punkte.
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Labor Demand During the Crisis: What Happened in Germany?
Claudia M. Buch
IZA. Discussion Paper No. 6074,
2011
Abstract
In Germany, the employment response to the post-2007 crisis has been muted compared to other industrialized countries. Despite a large drop in output, employment has hardly changed. In this paper, we analyze the determinants of German firms’ labor demand during the crisis using a firm-level panel dataset. Our analysis proceeds in two steps. First, we estimate a dynamic labor demand function for the years 2000-2009 accounting for the degree of working time flexibility and the presence of works councils. Second, on the basis of these
estimates, we use the difference between predicted and actual employment as a measure of labor hoarding as the dependent variable in a cross-sectional regression for 2009. Apart from total labor hoarding, we also look at the determinants of subsidized labor hoarding through short-time work. The structural characteristics of firms using these channels of adjustment differ. Product market competition has a negative impact on total labor hoarding but a positive effect on the use of short-time work. Firm covered by collective agreements hoard less labor overall; firms without financial frictions use short-time work less intensively.
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Rules versus Discretion in Loan Rate Setting
Geraldo Cerqueiro, Hans Degryse, Steven Ongena
Journal of Financial Intermediation,
No. 4,
2011
Abstract
Loan rates for seemingly identical borrowers often exhibit substantial dispersion. This paper investigates the determinants of the dispersion in interest rates on loans granted by banks to small and medium sized enterprises. We associate this dispersion with the loan officers’ use of “discretion” in the loan rate setting process. We find that “discretion” is most important if: (i) loans are small and unsecured; (ii) firms are small and opaque; (iii) the firm operates in a large and highly concentrated banking market; and (iv) the firm is distantly located from the lender. Consistent with the proliferation of information-technologies in the banking industry, we find a decreasing role for “discretion” over time in the provision of small credits to opaque firms. While widely used in the pricing of loans, “discretion” plays only a minor role in the decisions to grant loans.
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The Role of Investment Banking for the German Economy: Final Report for Deutsche Bank AG, Frankfurt/Main
Michael Schröder, M. Borell, Reint E. Gropp, Z. Iliewa, L. Jaroszek, G. Lang, S. Schmidt, K. Trela
ZEW-Dokumentationen, Nr. 12-01,
No. 1,
2011
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the contributions of investment banking to the economy with a particular focus on the German economy. To this end we analyse both the economic benefits and the costs stemming from investment banking.
The study focuses on investment banks as this part of banking is particularly relevant for financing companies as well as the development and use of specific products to support the needs of private and professional clients. The assessment of benefits and costs of investment banking has been conducted from a European perspective. Nevertheless there is a focus on the German economy to allow a more detailed analysis of certain aspects as for example the use of derivatives by German companies, the success of M&As in Germany or the effect of securitization on loan supply and GDP in Germany. For comparison purposes other European countries and also the U.S. have been taken into account.
The last financial crisis has shown the negative impacts of banks on the financial system and the whole economy. In a study on the contribution of investment banks to systemic risk we quantify the negative side of the investment banking business.
In the last part of the study we assess how the effects of regulatory changes on investment banking. All important changes in banking and capital market regulation are taken into account such as Basel III, additional capital requirements for systemically important financial institutions, regulation of OTC derivatives and specific taxes.
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Industrial Associations as a Channel of Business-Government Interactions in an Imperfect Institutional Environment: The Russian Case
A. Yakovlev, A. Govorun
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 16,
2011
Abstract
International lessons from emerging economies suggest that business associations may provide an effective channel of communication between the government and the private sector. This function of business associations may become still more important in transition economies, where old mechanisms for coordinating enterprise activities have been destroyed, while the new ones have not been established yet. In this context, Russian experience is a matter of interest, because for a long time, Russia was regarded as a striking example of state failures and market failures. Consequently, the key point of our study was a description of the role and place of business associations in the presentday
Russian economy and their interaction with member companies and bodies of state
administration. Relying on the survey data of 957 manufacturing firms conducted in
2009, we found that business associations are more frequently joined by larger companies, firms located in regional capital cities, and firms active in investment and innovation. By contrast, business associations tend to be less frequently joined by business groups’ subsidiaries and firms that were non-responsive about their respective ownership structures. Our regression analysis has also confirmed that business associations are a component of what Frye (2002) calls an “elite exchange”– although only on regional and local levels. These “exchanges” imply that members of business associations, on the one hand, more actively assist regional and local authorities in social development of their regions, and on the other hand more often receive support from authorities. However, this effect is insignificant in terms of support from the federal government. In general, our results allow us to believe that at present, business associations (especially the
industry-wide and “leading” ones) consolidate the most active, advanced companies and act as collective representatives of their interests. For this reason, business associations can be regarded as interface units between the authorities and businesses and as a possible instrument for promotion of economic development.
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Related Variety, Unrelated Variety and Regional Functions: Identifying Sources of Regional Employment Growth in Germany from 2003 to 2008
Matthias Brachert, Alexander Kubis, Mirko Titze
Abstract
This article analyses how regional employment growth in Germany is affected by related variety, unrelated variety and the functions a region performs in the production process. Following the related variety literature, we argue that regions benefit from the existence of related activities that facilitate economic development. However, we argue that the sole reliance of related variety on standard industrial classifications remains debatable. Hence, we offer estimations for establishing that conceptual progress can indeed be made when a focus for analysis goes beyond solely considering industries. We develop an industry-function based approach of related and unrelated variety. Our findings suggest that related variety only in combination with a high functional specialization of the region facilitates regional growth in Germany. Additionally, also unrelated variety per se fails to wield influences affecting development of regions. It is rather unrelated, but functionally proximate variety in the groups “White Collar” and “Blue Collar Workers” positively affects regional employment growth.
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Services strengthen macroeconomic relevance of manufacturing industry
Udo Ludwig, Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaftsdienst,
2011
Abstract
Gemäß der Drei-Sektoren-Hypothese verliert die Industrie mit steigenden Realeinkommen an gesamtwirtschaftlicher Bedeutung. Diese Tendenz wurde in der Vergangenheit anhand des Anteils der Wertschöpfung bzw. der Beschäftigung in der Industrie an der Gesamtwirtschaft gemessen und für Deutschland für die Jahrzehnte seit 1970 bestätigt. In diesem Beitrag sind dagegen die industriellen Endprodukte Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung. Es wird mit Hilfe der Input-Output-Analyse gezeigt, dass sie aufgrund der zunehmenden Interdependenz zwischen Industrie und Dienstleistungssektor einen wachsenden Anteil der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Wertschöpfung absorbieren.
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IWH-Industrieumfrage im Juli 2011: Konsumgüterproduzenten erwarten für das zweite Halbjahr stärkere konjunkturelle Impulse
Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 9,
2011
Abstract
Auch zu Beginn des dritten Quartals 2011 setzt sich im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe Ostdeutschlands die sehr gute Stimmung fort. Das zeigen die Ergebnisse der IWH-Industrieumfrage vom Juli unter knapp 300 Unternehmen. Sowohl die aktuelle Geschäftslage als auch die Geschäftsaussichten haben sich gegenüber der Maiumfrage im Saldo nochmals verbessert. Die hohen Erwartungen, die sich bereits zu Jahresbeginn in der ostdeutschen Industrie eingestellt hatten, sind gegenüber Mai um sieben Saldenpunkte nach oben geschnellt.
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