The Identification of Industrial Clusters – Methodical Aspects in a Multidimensional Framework for Cluster Identification
Mirko Titze, Matthias Brachert, Alexander Kubis
Abstract
We use a combination of measures of spatial concentration, qualitative input-output analysis and innovation interaction matrices to identify the horizontal and vertical dimension of industrial clusters in Saxony in 2005. We describe the spatial allocation of the industrial clusters and show possibilities of vertical interaction of clusters based on intermediate goods flows. With the help of region and sector-specific knowledge interaction matrices we are able to show that a sole focus on intermediate goods flows limits the identification of innovative actors in industrial clusters, as knowledge flows and intermediate goods flows do not show any major overlaps.
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16.06.2010 • 32/2010
IWH-Konjunkturbarometer Ostdeutschland: Nach Pause gewinnt wirtschaftliche Erholung in Ostdeutschland an Breite
Das kräftige Aufbäumen der Konjunktur im letzten Quartal des Krisenjahres 2009 war von kurzer Dauer. Erst im Frühjahr 2010 hat die ostdeutsche Wirtschaft wieder Fahrt aufgenommen.
In den ersten Monaten dieses Jahres stagnierte die gesamtwirtschaftliche Produktion in Ostdeutschland. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt ist nach Berechnung des IWH sogar mit -0,1% leicht gesunken. Ausschlaggebend waren die witterungs¬bedingten Ausfälle in der Bauwirtschaft, die Umsatzrückgänge des Handels infolge der sinkenden Verkäufe von Kraftfahrzeugen und die andauernde Konsolidierung im Personalbereich des öffentlichen Dienstes. Dagegen setzte sich in der Industrie die Aufwärtstendenz das zweite Quartal in Folge fort, wenn auch im Osten verhaltener als im Westen. Vor allem die Geschäfte der Hersteller von Vorleistungsgütern und von Investitionsgütern mit ausländischen Abnehmern nahmen kräftig zu. Umsatzzuwächse im Inland berichteten vor allem die Produ¬zenten von Verbrauchsgütern. Im Sog der Industriekonjunktur legten auch die Unternehmensdienstleister zu. Die Stagnation der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Produktion im saisonbereinigten Verlauf bedeutet dennoch erstmalig ein Plus des Bruttoinlandsprodukts von 1,7% gegenüber dem Vorjahreszeitraum – dem Tiefpunkt der Produktion in der Krise.
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The Impact of Bank and Non-bank Financial Institutions on Local Economic Growth in China
Xiaoqiang Cheng, Hans Degryse
Journal of Financial Services Research,
No. 2,
2010
Abstract
This paper provides evidence on the relationship between finance and growth in a fast growing country, such as China. Employing data of 27 Chinese provinces over the period 1995–2003, we study whether the financial development of two different types of financial institutions — banks and non-banks — have a (significantly different) impact on local economic growth. Our findings indicate that banking development shows a statistically significant and economically more pronounced impact on local economic growth.
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08.06.2010 • 31/2010
IWH-Industrieumfrage im Mai 2010: Stimmungsaufhellung hält an – Vorkrisenstand in Sichtweite
Die Geschäfte in der ostdeutschen Industrie florieren zurzeit. Die Ergebnisse der IWH-Industrieumfrage vom Mai unter knapp 300 Unternehmen zeigen, dass sich die konjunkturelle Erholung auf breiter Front gefestigt hat. Der Saldo der Geschäftslage legte seit März um 24 Punkte zu. Einen ähnlich großen Sprung gab es das letzte Mal im Spätsommer 2005. Auch der Saldo der Geschäftsaussichten ist nochmals um sieben Punkte gestiegen
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Going Public to Acquire? The Acquisition Motive in IPOs
Ugur Celikyurt, Merih Sevilir, Anil Shivdasani
Journal of Financial Economics,
No. 3,
2010
Abstract
Newly public firms make acquisitions at a torrid pace. Their large acquisition appetites reflect the concentration of initial public offerings (IPOs) in mergers and acquisitions-(M&A-) intensive industries, but acquisitions by IPO firms also outpace those by mature firms in the same industry. IPO firms' acquisition activity is fueled by the initial capital infusion at the IPO and through the creation of an acquisition currency used to raise capital for both cash- and stock-financed acquisitions along with debt issuance subsequent to the IPO. IPO firms play a bigger role in the M&A process by participating as acquirers than they do as takeover targets, and acquisitions are as important to their growth as research and development (R&D) and capital expenditures (CAPEX). The pattern of acquisitions following an IPO shapes the evolution of ownership structure of newly public firms.
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Real Estate Prices and Bank Stability
Michael Koetter, Tigran Poghosyan
Journal of Banking and Finance,
No. 34,
2010
Abstract
Real estate prices can deviate from their fundamental value due to rigid supply, heterogeneity in quality, and various market imperfections, which have two contrasting effects on bank stability. Higher prices increase the value of collateral and net wealth of borrowers and thus reduce the likelihood of credit defaults. In contrast, persistent deviations from fundamentals may foster the adverse selection of increasingly risky creditors by banks seeking to expand their loan portfolios, which increases bank distress probabilities. We test these hypotheses using unique data on real estate markets and banks in Germany. House price deviations contribute to bank instability, but nominal house price developments do not. This finding corroborates the importance of deviations from the fundamental value of real estate, rather than just price levels or changes alone, when assessing bank stability.
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Cooperation Patterns of Incubator Firms and the Impact of Incubator Specialization: Empirical Evidence from Germany
Michael Schwartz, Christoph Hornych
Technovation,
2010
Abstract
The article examines cooperation patterns of 150 firms located in German business incubators (BIs). More specifically, this study distinguishes between networking within the tenant portfolio and the academic-industry linkages of the tenant firms. We further contribute to the relevant literature by explicitly considering differences in cooperation patterns between firms located on diversified and specialized incubator facilities. Empirical results do not support the common assumption that specialized incubation strategies increase the effectiveness of incubator-internal networking compared to diversified BIs. Also, incubator specialization is not superior to diversified incubators with respect to the promotion of linkages of their tenants with academic institutions. For academic linkages, industry effects matter more than incubator characteristics.
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Challenges for Future Regional Policy in East Germany. Does East Germany really show Characteristics of Mezzogiorno?
Mirko Titze
A. Kuklinski; E. Malak-Petlicka; P. Zuber (eds), Souther Italy – Eastern Germany – Eastern Poland. The Triple Mezzogiorno? Ministry of Regional Development,
2010
Abstract
Despite extensive government support the gap between East and West Germany has still not been successfully closed nearly 20 years post German unification. Hence, some economists tend to compare East Germany with Mezzogiorno – underdeveloped Southern Italy. East Germany is still subject to sever structural problems in comparison to West Germany: lower per capita income, lower productivity, higher unemployment rates, fewer firm headquarters and fewer innovation activities. There are East German regions with less than desirable rates of development. Nevertheless, the new federal states have shown some evidence of a convergence process. Some regions have developed very positively – they have improved their competitiveness and employment levels. As such, the comparison of East Germany with Mezzogiorno does not seem applicable today.
According to Neoclassical Growth Theory, regional policy is targeted enhancing investment (hereafter the notion ‘investment policy’ is used). has been the most important instrument in forcing the ‘reconstruction of the East’. Overall, the investment policy is seen as having been successful. It is not, however, the only factor influencing regional development – political policy makers noted in the mid 1990s that research and development (R&D) activities and regional concentrated production networks, amongst other factors, may also play a part. The investment policy instrument has therefore been adjusted. Nevertheless, it cannot be excluded that investment policy may fail in particular cases because it contains potentially conflicting targets. A ‘better road’ for future regional policy may lie in the support of regional production and innovation networks – the so-called industrial clusters. These clusters would need to be exactingly identified however to ensure effective and efficient cluster policies.
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IWH-Bauumfrage im April 2010: Kräftige Frühjahrsbelebung kontert Geschäftseinbruch im Winter
Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2010
Abstract
Das Geschäftsklima im ostdeutschen Baugewerbe hat sich laut IWH-Umfrage unter mehr als 300 Unternehmen im April deutlich verbessert. Nach den außergewöhnlich hohen witterungsbedingten Produktionsausfällen im ersten Quartal dieses Jahres kommt dies nicht überraschend. Sobald die Wetterlage die Bauarbeiten nicht mehr behinderte, hat das Baugewerbe begonnen, den Produktionsverzug vom Jahresanfang zügig abzuarbeiten.
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