Corporate Governance in the Multinational Enterprise: A Financial Contracting Perspective
Diemo Dietrich, Björn Jindra
International Business Review,
2010
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to bring economics-based finance research more into the focus of international business theory. On the basis of an analytical model that introduces financial constraints into incomplete contracting in an international vertical trade relationship, we propose an integrated framework that facilitates the study of the interdependencies between internalisation decisions, firm-internal allocations of control rights, and the debt capacity of firms. We argue that the financial constraint of an MNE and/or its supplier should be considered as an important determinant of internal governance structures, complementary to, and interacting with, institutional factors and proprietary knowledge.
Read article
Exports Versus FDI Revisited: Does Finance Matter?
Claudia M. Buch
Bundesbank Discussion Paper 03/2010,
2010
Abstract
This paper explores the impact of financial constraints on the internationalization
strategies of firms. It contributes to the literature by focusing on three aspects: First, the paper studies the impact of financial constraints on exporting relative to FDI. Consistent with theory, the empirical results confirm that the impact of financial constraints is stronger for FDI than for exporting. Second, the paper analyzes the extensive and the intensive margins and finds that financial frictions matter for both. Third, the paper explores the impact on manufacturing as compared to service industries and shows that firms in service industries are affected more than firms in manufacturing. The paper also identifies a threshold effect: Financial constraints do not matter for small firms whose productivity seems to be too low to consider international expansions.
Read article
Organization and Financing of Innovation, and the Choice between Corporate and Independent Venture Capital
Paolo Fulghieri, Merih Sevilir
Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,
No. 6,
2009
Abstract
This paper examines the impact of competition on the optimal organization and financing structures in innovation-intensive industries. We show that as an optimal response to competition, firms may choose external organization structures established in collaboration with specialized start-ups where they provide start-up financing from their own resources. As the intensity of the competition to innovate increases, firms move from internal to external organization of projects to increase the speed of product innovation and to obtain a competitive advantage with respect to rival firms in their industry. We also show that as the level of competition increases, firms provide a higher level of financing for externally organized projects in the form of corporate venture capital (CVC). Our results help explain the emergence of organization and financing arrangements such as CVC and strategic alliances, where large established firms organize their projects in collaboration with external specialized firms and provide financing for externally organized projects from their own internal resources.
Read article
Municipal Enterprises as Shadow Budgets – How do they Affect the Actual Budgetary Situation of Germany´s Local Governments?
Peter Haug
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2009
Abstract
Die Verlagerung kommunaler Aufgaben aus dem Kernhaushalt auf kommunale Unternehmen verzerrt immer mehr die Wahrnehmung der tatsächlichen Vermögens-, Finanz- und Ertragslage der Kommunen in Deutschland. Überangebot- und -nachfrage bei öffentlichen Leistungen als Folge dieser „Fiskalillusion“ sind eine mögliche Gefahr jener Entwicklung. Der Beitrag versucht daher, am Beispiel der kreisfreien Städte durch die simultane Analyse ausgewählter Kennzahlen für Kernhaushalt und kommunale Unternehmen eine differenziertere Darstellung der Haushaltssituation zu leisten. Außerdem werden die methodischen Probleme derartiger Berechnungen verdeutlicht. Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Nebenhaushalte erhöhen sich z. B. die Pro-Kopf-Einnahmen, -Investitionen und -Schulden im gesamtdeutschen Durchschnitt um ein Drittel bis 50%. Dagegen entfallen 75% der kommunalen Beschäftigten weiterhin auf den Kernhaushalt. Der Auslagerungsgrad der Ausgaben für bestimmte freiwillige Selbstverwaltungsaufgaben ist mit durchschnittlich 22% zwar noch relativ gering, doch zeichnet sich auch hier eine steigende Tendenz ab. Die Untersuchung liefert zudem Hinweise auf signifikante Unterschiede zwischen ost- und westdeutschen Städten. Dazu zählen die größere Ertragskraft kommunaler Unternehmen sowie die höhere Pro-Kopf-Verschuldung und die höheren Ausgaben in den Bereichen Kultur, Sport, Freizeit und Wissenschaft in Ostdeutschland. Bei der Ergebnisinterpretation sind allerdings gewisse Unzulänglichkeiten der amtlichen Statistik zu beachten. So ist beispielsweise keine vollständige Bereinigung um interne Zahlungsströme möglich. Außerdem können indirekte kommunale Mehrheitsbeteiligungen sowie die kommunalen Sparkassen nicht berücksichtigt werden. Insgesamt bleibt abzuwarten, ob die eingeleiteten Reformen zur Einführung der Doppik im kommunalen Haushaltswesen helfen, dem Idealziel eines aussagefähigen „Konzernabschlusses“ für den „Konzern Stadt“ näherzukommen.
Read article
Bank Lending, Bank Capital Regulation and Efficiency of Corporate Foreign Investment
Diemo Dietrich, Achim Hauck
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 4,
2007
Abstract
In this paper we study interdependencies between corporate foreign investment and the capital structure of banks. By committing to invest predominantly at home, firms can reduce the credit default risk of their lending banks. Therefore, banks can refinance loans to a larger extent through deposits thereby reducing firms’ effective financing costs. Firms thus have an incentive to allocate resources inefficiently as they then save on financing costs. We argue that imposing minimum capital adequacy for banks can eliminate this incentive by putting a lower bound on financing costs. However, the Basel II framework is shown to miss this potential.
Read article
The Economic Theory of Institutional Change (ETIC) as an Approach to Explain the Emergence of Public Activities (Überarbeitete Fassung eines Vortrags anläßlich der Jahrestagung 1996 des International Institute of Public Finance in Tel Aviv )
Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften (ZWS),
1997
Abstract
Read article
Investment and Internal Finance: Asymmetric Information or Managerial Discretion?
Hans Degryse, Abe de Jong
International Journal of Industrial Organization,
No. 1,
2006
Abstract
This paper examines the investment-cash flow sensitivity of publicly listed firms in The Netherlands. Investment-cash flow sensitivities can be attributed to overinvestment resulting from the abuse of managerial discretion, but also to underinvestment due to information problems. The Dutch corporate governance structure presents a number of distinctive features, in particular the limited influence of shareholders, the presence of large blockholders, and the importance of bank ties. We expect that in The Netherlands, the managerial discretion problem is more important than the asymmetric information problem. We use Tobin's Q to discriminate between firms with these problems, where LOW Q firms face the managerial discretion problem and HIGH Q firms the asymmetric information problem. As hypothesized, we find substantially larger investment-cash flow sensitivity for LOW Q firms. Moreover, specifically in the LOW Q sample, we find that firms with higher (bank) debt have lower investment-cash flow sensitivity. This finding shows that leverage, and particularly bank debt, is a key disciplinary mechanism which reduces the managerial discretion problem.
Read article
Financing FDI into developing economies and the international transmission of business cycle fluctuations
Diemo Dietrich
Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics,
2004
Abstract
Read article
