16.06.2009 • 34/2009
Aktuelle Trends: IWH-Konjunkturberichterstattung für Sachsen-Anhalt
Die globale Finanz- und Konjunkturkrise hat im vergangenen Winterhalbjahr tiefe Spuren in der Wirtschaft Sachsen-Anhalts hinterlassen. Alle großen Wirtschaftsbereiche, allen voran die Industrie, mussten herbe Rückschläge hinnehmen. Im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe hat die internationale Wirtschaftskrise am stärksten auf das Land durchgeschlagen.
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Lending Technology, Bank Organization and Competition
Hans Degryse, Steven Ongena, Günseli Tümer-Alkan
Journal of Financial Transformation,
2009
Abstract
This paper reviews recent theoretical and empirical studies investigating how both bank technology and organization shape bank-borrower interactions. We refer to two related concepts for bank technology. First, the technologies banks employ in loan granting decisions and second, the advances in information technology linked to the bank's lending technology. We also summarize and interpret the theoretical and empirical work on bank organization and its influence on lending technologies. We show that the choice of lending technology and bank organization depend heavily on the availability of information, the technological progress in the collection of information, as well as the banking market structure and the legal environment. We draw important policy conclusions from the literature. Competition authorities and supervisors have to remain alert to the consequences of the introduction of any new technology because: (1) advances in technology do not necessarily lead to more intense banking competition, and (2) the impact of technological and financial innovation on financial efficiency and stability depends on the incentives of the entire „loan production chain.‟
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IWH-Bauumfrage im April 2009: Baugeschäfte im Aufwind
Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2009
Abstract
Die 300 vom IWH befragten ostdeutschen Bauunternehmen bewerten ihre Geschäftslage im April erheblich günstiger als in der vorangegangenen Umfrage im Februar. Auch gegenüber Jahresfrist zeigt sich eine Verbesserung. Hinsichtlich der Geschäftsaussichten bis zum Herbst überwiegen nun wieder die Optimisten, auch wenn sich gegenüber dem Vorjahreszeitraum ein geringer Stimmungsabfall ergibt. Aufwärtsgerichtet ist die Entwicklung am Bau auch unter Ausschluss der Saisonschwankungen: Das Geschäftsklima hellt sich insgesamt auf.
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Effects of Heterogeneity on Bank Efficiency Scores
J. W. B. Bos, Michael Koetter, James W. Kolari, Clemens J. M. Kool
European Journal of Operational Research,
No. 1,
2009
Abstract
Bank efficiency estimates often serve as a proxy of managerial skill since they quantify sub-optimal production choices. But such deviations can also be due to omitted systematic differences among banks. In this study, we examine the effects of heterogeneity on bank efficiency scores. We compare different specifications of a stochastic cost and alternative profit frontier model with a baseline specification. After conducting a specification test, we discuss heterogeneity effects on efficiency levels, ranks and the tails of the efficiency distribution. We find that heterogeneity controls influence both banks’ optimal costs and profits and their ability to be efficient. Differences in efficiency scores are important for more than only methodological reasons. First, different ways of accounting for heterogeneity result in estimates of foregone profits and additional costs that are significantly different from what we infer from our general specification. Second, banks are significantly re-ranked when their efficiency is estimated with a specification other than the preferred, general specification. Third, the general specification gives the most reliable estimates of the probability of distress, although differences to the other specifications are low.
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Low Skill but High Volatility?
Claudia M. Buch
CESifo Working Paper No. 2665,
2009
Abstract
Globalization may impose a double-burden on low-skilled workers. On the one hand, the relative supply of low-skilled labor increases. This suppresses wages of low-skilled workers and/or increases their unemployment rates. On the other hand, low-skilled workers typically face more limited access to financial markets than high-skilled workers. This limits their ability to smooth shocks to income intertemporally and to share risks across borders. Using cross-country, industry-level data for the years 1970 - 2004, we document how the volatility of hours worked and of wages of workers at different skill levels has changed over time. We develop a stylized theoretical model that is consistent with the empirical evidence, and we test the predictions of the model. Our results show that greater financial globalization and development increases the volatility of employment, and this effect is strongest for low-skilled workers. A higher share of low-skilled employment has a dampening impact.
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Investment (FDI) Policy for Azerbaijan, Final report
Jutta Günther, Björn Jindra
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
No. 4,
2009
Abstract
The report has been prepared on behalf of the Association for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) as integral part of the “Private Sector Development Program” run by the GTZ in Azerbaijan. A comprehensive investment policy is outlined with particular focus on the possibilities to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) in Azerbaijan’s manufacturing industry (non-oil sector). The report makes particular reference to the experiences with investment policy development in Central and East European transition economies. It touches legal and institutional framework conditions in Azerbaijan as well as possible investment incentives schemes including investment promotion. Major recommendations refer to trade integration within the region, introduction of tax incentives as well as further improvements in business climate. Furthermore, the importance of complementary policies, such as competition and education policy, is stressed.
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Aktuelle Trends: IWH-Konjunkturbarometer Ostdeutschland: Im Winterhalbjahr vom Abschwung in die Rezession
Udo Ludwig, Franziska Exß
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 4,
2009
Abstract
Im letzten Quartal des vergangenen Jahres hat die Rezession die ostdeutsche Wirtschaft erfasst. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt war das zweite Mal in Folge gesunken, und zwar mit 1,6% deutlich kräftiger als zuvor. Der Stand vor Jahresfrist wurde um 0,4% unterschritten (Deutschland: −1,6%). Der Produktionseinbruch kam aus der Industrie, die hohe Umsatzeinbußen im Ausland hinnehmen musste. Auch die Geschäfte im Inland ließen nach, jedoch hielt sich hier der Rückgang in Grenzen. Unter dem Produktionseinbruch litten vor allem die Hersteller von Investitionsgütern und von Vorleistungsgütern. Die vergleichsweise geringe Ausrichtung auf die Auslandsmärkte bewahrte das ostdeutsche Verarbeitende Gewerbe vor Schlimmerem. Die industrielle Wertschöpfung lag um 4,4% unter dem Stand vom Schlussquartal des Vorjahrs. Auch die Bauleistungen haben nachgegeben. Die Leistung des Verkehrsgewerbes wurde von dem verringerten Güteraufkommen beeinträchtigt. Der Abschwung hat auf die Unternehmensdienstleister übergegriffen.
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IWH-Industrieumfrage im März 2009: Pessimisten in der Überzahl
Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 4,
2009
Abstract
Das Geschäftsklima im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe Ostdeutschlands hat sich am Ende des ersten Quartals 2009 weiter eingetrübt. Das zeigen die Ergebnisse der IWH-Industrieumfrage vom März unter rund 300 Unternehmen. Grund dafür ist eine deutlich negativere Einschätzung der Geschäftslage als noch im Januar. Insgesamt überwiegen nunmehr die pessimistischen Lageeinschätzungen. Die Geschäftsaussichten für die nächsten sechs Monate werden ebenfalls nochmals negativer als im Januar beurteilt.
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The Impact of Organizational Structure and Lending Technology on Banking Competition
Hans Degryse, Luc Laeven, Steven Ongena
Review of Finance,
No. 2,
2009
Abstract
We investigate how bank organization shapes banking competition. We show that a bank's geographical lending reach and loan pricing strategy is determined by its own and its rivals’ organizational structure. We estimate the impact of organization on the geographical reach and loan pricing of a large bank. We find that the reach of the bank is smaller when rival banks are large and hierarchically organized, have superior communication technology, have a narrower span of organization, and are closer to a decision unit with lending authority. Rival banks’ size and the number of layers to a decision unit soften spatial pricing.
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The Transition to Post-industrial BMI Values among US Children
Marco Sunder, Ariane Breitfelder, John Komlos
American Journal of Human Biology,
2009
Abstract
The trend in the BMI values of US children has not been estimated very convincingly because of the absence of longitudinal data. Our objective is to estimate time series of BMI values by birth cohorts instead of measurement years. We use five regression models to estimate the BMI trends of non-Hispanic US-born black and white children and adolescents ages 2-19 between 1941 and 2004. The increase in BMIZ values during the period considered was 1.3 (95% CI: 1.16; 1.44) among black girls, 0.8 for black boys, 0.7 for white boys, and 0.6 for white girls. This translates into an increase in BMI values of some 5.6, 3.3, 2.4, and 1.5 units, respectively. While the increase in BMI values started among the birth cohorts of the 1940s among black girls, the rate of increase tended to accelerate among all four ethnic/gender groups born in the mid-1950s to early-1960s. Some regional evidence leads to the conjecture that the spread of automobiles and radios affected the BMI values of boys already in the interwar period. We suppose that the changes in lifestyle associated with the labor saving technological developments of the 20th century are associated with the weight gains observed. The increased popularity of television viewing was most prominently associated with the contemporaneous acceleration in BMI gain. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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