Foreword: Competing: Important Stimuli for Knowledge Cities to Become Prosperous
Peter Franz
T. Yigitcanlar, K. Metaxiotis, J. Carrillo (eds), Building Prosperous Knowledge Cities. Policies, Plans and Metrics,
2012
Abstract
The author discusses the role of competitions in urban development strategies based on the cooperation of higher education institutions. The experience with similar strategies in regional policy and in innovation policy is reflected upon. After the presentation of some cases, the advantages and disadvantages of development strategies based on competitions are compared.
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Incubator Organizations as Entrepreneurship and SME Policy Instrument in Transition Economies: A Survey among six Countries
Michael Schwartz, Sebastian Blesse
Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship,
No. 3,
2011
Abstract
Within incubator-incubation research, there is a predominant focus on incubator organizations located in industrialized or developed economies. Knowledge regarding the evolution of incubators located in transition economies is almost non-existent. However, meanwhile a significant number of incubators have been established since the fall of the iron curtain in many Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries as well. Here, the present paper sets in through providing evidence on the development, distribution and structural characteristics of incubators in six selected CEE countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia). We show that incubator organizations have become a central element of support infrastructure for SME and entrepreneurship in CEE countries during the past 20 years. We further argue that by drawing upon the accumulated experience with incubators in developed Western (European) economies, there are important lessons to be learned for incubator stakeholders in transition economies. We, therefore, outline particular suggestions considered to be vital for long-term successful incubation processes in transition economies.
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The Technological Role of Inward Foreign Direct Investment in Central East Europe
Johannes Stephan
The Technological Role of Inward Foreign Direct Investment in Central East Europe,
2011
Abstract
Foreign direct investment (FDI) assumed a prominent role in Central East Europe (CEE) early on in the transition process. Foreign investors were assigned the task of restructuring markets, providing capital and knowledge for investment in technologically outdated and financially ailing firms.
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A Systemic View on Knowledge-based Development Metrics
Mirko Titze, Michael Schwartz, Matthias Brachert
International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development,
No. 1,
2012
Abstract
Drawing on the systems perspective of innovation processes, this article proposes a conceptual approach for a comprehensive analysis of regional knowledge generation and transfer. Instead of focusing on one single indicator, the approach emphasizes the importance to take multiple channels of knowledge transfer into account. This provides valuable insights into the spatial structure of innovation processes on different levels. We disentangle the innovation process and consider four different layers: i.) publications in peer-reviewed journals, ii.) patent applications, iii.) formal R&D collaboration projects, the iv.) localized input-output relations. Further, we demonstrate the relevance of the „multi-layer approach‟ by applying it empirically to a specific regional innovation system: The Free State of Saxony – a federal state in Germany. We argue that the approach could be a valuable tool to inform policy-makers about knowledge-based regional development strategies.
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University Cities: Including Universities and Research Institutes into Strategies for Urban Growth
Peter Franz
International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development,
2011
Abstract
The topic of this special issue refers to the observation that many larger and middle-sized cities dispose of a considerable potential of institutions creating and disseminating knowledge. This kind of endowment seems to be especially valuable in an upcoming knowledge-based economy. Recent strategic concepts and inter-city competitions referring to ‘knowledge-based urban development’, ‘knowledge city’, ‘creative city’, ‘science city’ or ‘entrepreneurial university’ indicate that urban planners and politicians are beginning to search for strategies to take advantage and to make use of this potential. The papers in this special issue a) present case studies of cities trying to activate their knowledge resources for local economic growth, b) deal with regulatory barriers and problems for cities applying ‘knowledge city’ strategies, c) analyze the university support for entrepreneurial activities, and d) discuss some implications of ‘knowledge city’ strategies for architecture and urban planning.
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Incubating an Illusion? Long-term Incubator Firm Performance after Graduation
Michael Schwartz
Growth and Change,
No. 4,
2011
Abstract
Local economic development policies worldwide perceive business incubation as an effective measure to promote regional growth through the support of young and innovative ventures. The common assumption is that incubation promotes firm growth, in particular after these firms graduated from their incubator organizations. This article investigates the long-term performance of 324 graduate firms from five German business incubators (incubated between 1990 and 2006) after they have (successfully) completed their incubation. The present study does not suffer from a survivor bias, meaning that performance data of non-surviving firms is also included. Using employment and sales measures as performance indicators, this study contributes to our knowledge with regard to long-term incubator firm performance after graduation. While in the first years after graduation there is significant growth of formerly incubated firms, further results do not support the presumption of continuous firm growth beyond incubation. A minority of graduate firms exhibits a strong increase in performance, but the majority of firms do not experience considerable growth.
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Analyse der Patentaktivitäten in den öffentlichen Wissenschaftseinrichtungen des Freistaates Sachsen im Auftrag des Sächsischen Staatsministeriums für Wissenschaft und Kunst (SMWK)
Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Katja Wilde
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
2010
Abstract
Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist die Analyse der Forschungsverwertung im Sinne von Patentanmeldungen der öffentlich finanzierten Wissenschaftseinrichtungen des Freistaates Sachsen und deren Vernetzung mit Unternehmen im Zeitraum 2002-2007. Die veröffentlichten Patentanmeldungen der Wissenschaftseinrichtungen am Deutschen Patent- und Markenamt (DPMA) im Zeitraum 2002-2007 dienen als Datengrundlage für die Untersuchung. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass im Betrachtungszeitraum 2002-2007 die Anzahl der Patentanmeldungen der sächsischen Wissenschaftseinrichtungen nahezu kontinuierlich angestiegen ist. Dabei spielen die Institute der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft sowie die Technische Universität Dresden eine bedeutende Rolle. Die ermittelten Erkenntnisse für Sachsen werden einem Vergleich mit den Ländern Thüringen, Niedersachsen und Nordrhein-Westfalen unterzogen. Insgesamt ergibt die Analyse vergleichsweise positive Resultate für die Patentverwertung der öffentlichen Wissenschaftseinrichtungen in Sachsen. Hinsichtlich der Vernetzung der wissenschaftlichen Forschungsaktivitäten mit der gewerblichen Wirtschaft konnte kein Unterschied zwischen Sachsen und den drei Vergleichsländern gezeigt werden. Hierbei scheint für die sächsischen Wissenschaftseinrichtungen noch ein erhebliches Verbesserungspotenzial zu bestehen. Diese Ergebnisse sind jedoch mit Vorsicht zu interpretieren, da die zugrunde liegende Patentstatistik nicht alle Vernetzungsformen in der Patentverwertung erfassen kann.
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What Drives FDI in Central-eastern Europe? Evidence from the IWH-FDI-Micro Database
Andrea Gauselmann, Mark Knell, Johannes Stephan
Post-Communist Economies,
No. 3,
2011
Abstract
The focus of this paper is on the match between strategic motives of foreign investments into Central-Eastern Europe and locational advantages offered by these countries. Our analysis makes use of the IWH-FDI-Micro Database, a unique dataset that contains information from 2009 about the determinants of locational factors, technological activity of the subsidiaries, and the potentials for knowledge spillovers in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. The analysis suggests that investors in these countries are mainly interested in low (unit) labour costs coupled with a well-trained and educated workforce and an expanding market with the high growth rates in the purchasing power of potential buyers. It also suggests that the financial crisis reduced the attractiveness of the region as a source for localised knowledge and technology. There appears to be a match between investors’ expectations and the quantitative supply of unqualified labour, not however for the supply of medium qualified workers. But the analysis suggests that it is not technology-seeking investments that are particularly content with the capabilities of their host economies in terms of technological cooperation. Finally, technological cooperation within the local host economy is assessed more favourably with domestic firms than with local scientific institutions – an important message for domestic economic policy.
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Measuring Regionalized Knowledge Generation and Transfer – A Feasibility Study Using a Multi-layer Approach in the Free State of Saxony
Mirko Titze, Matthias Brachert, Jutta Günther, Michael Schwartz
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 5,
2010
Abstract
Mit der zunehmenden Globalisierung wird der Wettbewerb heute auch für die Regionen spürbar. Damit diese den Anschluss an die internationale Weltmarktspitze nicht verlieren, müssen sie über ein leistungsfähiges regionales Innovationssystem verfügen. Gerade mit Blick auf den immer noch bestehenden wirtschaftlichen Nachholbedarf der Neuen Länder kommt der Weiterentwicklung der ostdeutschen Innovationssysteme eine besondere Rolle zu. Hier besteht möglicherweise ein sinnvoller Anknüpfungspunkt für eine nachhaltige Wirtschaftspolitik, indem man das Gedeihen der regionalen Innovationssysteme in den Neuen Ländern durch eine öffentliche Förderung begleitet. Gelingt der Aufbau erfolgreicher Innovationssysteme, ist ein großer Schritt in Richtung internationaler Wettbewerbsfähigkeit getan, was deren Transferabhängigkeit reduziert.
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Editorial: Attempts to Bring Knowledge, Universities and Spatial Development together
Peter Franz
International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development Vol. 2 (2),
2011
Abstract
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