Rating Agency Actions and the Pricing of Debt and Equity of European Banks: What Can we Infer About Private Sector Monitoring of Bank Soundness?
Reint E. Gropp, A. J. Richards
Economic Notes,
No. 3,
2001
Abstract
The recent consultative papers by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has raised the possibility of an explicit role for external rating agencies in the assessment of the credit risk of banks’ assets, including interbank claims. Any judgement on the merits of this proposal calls for an assessment of the information contained in credit ratings and its relationship to other publicly available information on the financial health of banks and borrowers. We assess this issue via an event study of rating change announcements by leading international rating agencies, focusing on rating changes for European banks for which data on bond and equity prices are available. We find little evidence of announcement effects on bond prices, which may reflect the lack of liquidity in bond markets in Europe during much of our sample period. For equity prices, we find strong effects of ratings changes, although some of our results may suffer from contamination by contemporaneous news events. We also test for pre-announcement and post-announcement effects, but find little evidence of either. Overall, our results suggest that ratings agencies may perform a useful role in summarizing and obtaining non-public information on banks and that monitoring of banks’ risk through bond holders appears to be relatively limited in Europe. The relatively weak monitoring by bondholders casts some doubt on the effectiveness of a subordinated debt requirement as a supervisory tool in the European context, at least until bond markets are more developed.
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Relationship Lending within a Bank-Based System: Evidence from European Small Business Data
Hans Degryse, Patrick Van Cayseele
Journal of Financial Intermediation,
No. 1,
2000
Abstract
We investigate relationship lending using detailed contract information from nearly 18,000 bank loans to small Belgian firms operating within the continental European bank-based system. Specifically, we investigate the impact of different measures of relationship strength on price and nonprice terms of the loan contract. We test for the possibility of rent shifting by banks. The evidence shows two opposing effects. On the one hand, the loan rate increases with the duration of a bank–firm relationship. On the other hand, the scope of a relationship, defined as the purchase of other information-sensitive products from a bank, decreases the loan's interest rate substantially. Relationship duration and scope thus have opposite effects on loan rates, with the latter being more important. We also find that the collateral requirement is decreasing in the duration of the relationship and increasing in its scope.
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Need for reform of cross-border health care in Europe
Vera Dietrich
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 16,
1999
Abstract
In einem Grundsatzurteil hat der Europäische Gerichtshof das Prinzip der Freizügigkeit auf den Gesundheitssektor übertragen und damit einer europaweiten Wahlfreiheit für Patienten zwischen Anbietern von medizinischen Leistungen den Weg bereitet. Aufgrund der zum Teil erheblichen Preisund Qualitätsunterschiede im Bereich der medizinischen Versorgung läßt dies unter den derzeit geltenden EU-Regelungen für die grenzüberschreitende Gesundheitsversorgung verstärkte Patientenwanderungen in Europa erwarten. Vor dem Hintergrund einer Ost-Erweiterung der EU wäre insbesondere auch für das deutsche Gesundheitswesen mit einer zunehmenden Nachfrage ausländischer Patienten zu rechnen. Der mit der Umsetzung des Binnenmarktes intendierte verstärkte Wettbewerb zwischen europäischen Anbietern von Gesundheitsleistungen ist grundsätzlich zu begrüßen. Jedoch könnte eine Wahlfreiheit aufgrund von durch die bestehenden Regulierungen verursachten Fehlanreize und Ineffizienzen unter Umständen negative Auswirkungen auf die nationalen Gesundheitssysteme nach sich ziehen. Durch kurzfristig umsetzbare Reformmaßnahmen, insbesondere die Einführung des Ursprungslandprinzips und der Kostenerstattung bei der grenzüberschreitenden
Gesundheitsversorgung sowie einer Selbstbeteiligung von Patienten für Auslandsbehandlungen, kann das jetzige System unter Wahrung des Subsidiaritätsprinzips kompatibel mit dem Binnenmarktgemacht werden.
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The Total Cost of Trading Belgian Shares: Brussels versus London
Hans Degryse
Journal of Banking and Finance,
No. 9,
1999
Abstract
Since 1990, London’s SEAQ International (SEAQ-I) has attracted considerable trading volume in Belgian equities. This paper investigates competition between the Brussels CATS market and London’s SEAQ-I. Toward this end, we gathered extensive limit order book data as well as transactions and quotation information. With regard to liquidity (indirect costs), measured by the quoted and effective bid–ask spread, the paper concludes that CATS outperforms SEAQ International for both measures. The effective spread is of course substantially smaller than the quoted spread, with the CATS effective spread showing a U-shaped form. This paper, unique in employing an extensive data set that includes all hidden orders and the whole limit order book, produces results in line with the different market microstructure models. Total trading costs on CATS are lower (higher) for small (large) trade sizes.
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Liberalization of health services in Europe: Who benefits from cross-border care?
Vera Dietrich
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 107,
1999
Abstract
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