Who Invests in Home Equity to Exempt Wealth from Bankruptcy?
S. Corradin, Reint E. Gropp, H. Huizinga, Luc Laeven
Abstract
Homestead exemptions to personal bankruptcy allow households to retain their home equity up to a limit determined at the state level. Households that may experience bankruptcy thus have an incentive to bias their portfolios towards home equity. Using US household data for the period 1996 to 2006, we find that household demand for real estate is relatively high if the marginal investment in home equity is covered by the exemption. The home equity bias is more pronounced for younger households that face more financial uncertainty and therefore have a higher ex ante probability of bankruptcy.
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Aktuelle Trends: Private Haushalte in Deutschland relativ gering verschuldet
Susann Just
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 10,
2012
Abstract
Bei der Analyse der Krise im Euroraum steht häufig die öffentliche Verschuldung in den Krisenländern im Mittelpunkt. Von Bedeutung ist jedoch auch die Verschuldung der privaten Haushalte. Kredite ermöglichen zunächst einen höheren privaten Konsum. Im Falle eines Zinsanstiegs oder von Störungen auf dem Immobilien- und Arbeitsmarkt können private Haushalte mit hohen Schulden jedoch unter Druck geraten. Solche Entwicklungen könnten sie dazu zwingen, übermäßige Verschuldung abzubauen und ihren Konsum einzuschränken.
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Old Age Poverty and Satisfaction with Living Conditions in East and West Germany, 1995 and 2009
L. J. Zhu, Anja Weißenborn, Herbert S. Buscher
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 7,
2011
Abstract
Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt, getrennt für West- und Ostdeutschland sowie für Deutschland insgesamt, Indikatoren zur Armutsmessung für die beiden Jahre 1995 und 2009 vor. Untersucht werden Rentnerhaushalte in beiden Teilen Deutschlands, wobei zwischen Frauen und Männern unterschieden wird. Neben Kennzahlen zur Einkommensarmut (Einkommensperzentile u. a.) werden die unterschiedlichen Einkommensquellen im Alter dargestellt; soziale Indikatoren geben darüber hinaus Auskunft über die aktuelle und zukünftig erwartete Lebenszufriedenheit.
Der Vergleich beider Jahre zeigt eine Zunahme der Altersarmut sowohl in West- als auch in Ostdeutschland. Betroffen hiervon sind Männer stärker als Frauen – bei den ostdeutschen Frauen hat sich die Altersarmut sogar leicht verringert. Neben der Sicht auf das Einkommen zeigen die sozialen Indikatoren, dass bei den armutsgefährdeten Personen in Ostdeutschland die Lebenszufriedenheit zwischen 1995 und 2009 abgenommen hat, bis zum Jahr 2014 jedoch auch mit einer leicht geringeren Unzufriedenheit gerechnet wird.
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The Laffer curve revisited
Mathias Trabandt, Harald Uhlig
Journal of Monetary Economics,
No. 4,
2011
Abstract
Laffer curves for the US, the EU-14 and individual European countries are compared, using a neoclassical growth model featuring “constant Frisch elasticity” (CFE) preferences. New tax rate data is provided. The US can maximally increase tax revenues by 30% with labor taxes and 6% with capital taxes. We obtain 8% and 1% for the EU-14. There, 54% of a labor tax cut and 79% of a capital tax cut are self-financing. The consumption tax Laffer curve does not peak. Endogenous growth and human capital accumulation affect the results quantitatively. Household heterogeneity may not be important, while transition matters greatly.
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Neo-liberalism, the Changing German Labor Market, and Income Distribution: An Institutionalist and Post Keynesian Analysis
John B. Hall, Udo Ludwig
Journal of Economic Issues,
2010
Abstract
This inquiry relies on an Institutionalist and Post Keynesian analysis to explore Germany's neo-liberal project, noting cumulative effects emerging as measurable economic and societal outcomes. Investments in technologies generate rising output-to-capital ratios. Increasing exports offset the Domar problem, but give rise to capital surpluses. National income redistributes in favor of capital. Novel labor market institutions emerge. Following Minsky, good times lead to bad: as seeming successes of neo-liberal policies are accompanied by financial instability, growing disparities in household incomes, and sharp declines in German exports on world markets, resulting in one of the deepest, recent contractions in the industrialized world.
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Credit Union Membership and Use of Internet Banking Technology
H. Evren Damar, Lynn Hunnicutt
B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy,
No. 1,
2010
Abstract
What makes households use internet banking? Bank adoption of internet banking technology has been widely considered, but relatively few papers address consumer usage of internet banking. This study looks at the determinants of internet banking usage among credit union members in the Western United States. We use call report data from the National Credit Union Administration to calculate the rate of internet banking usage among a credit union's members, which allows us to examine whether variations in institutional characteristics, local economic conditions and membership criteria have an impact on the internet usage rates among members of different credit unions. We find that members in credit unions that were early internet technology adopters have higher usage rates, and that the contribution to usage rates varies among types of online services offered.
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Transmission of Nominal Exchange Rate Changes to Export Prices and Trade Flows and Implications for Exchange Rate Policy
Mathias Hoffmann, Oliver Holtemöller
Scandinavian Journal of Economics,
2010
Abstract
We discuss how the welfare ranking of fixed and flexible exchange rate regimes in a New Open Economy Macroeconomics model depends on the interplay between the degree of exchange rate pass-through and the elasticity of substitution between home and foreign goods. We identify combinations of these two parameters for which flexible and fixed exchange rates are superior with respect to welfare as measured by a representative household's utility level. We estimate the two parameters for six non-EMU European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, and the UK) using a heterogeneous dynamic panel approach.
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Bank Credit Standards, Demand, Pro-cyclicality and the Business Cycle: A Comment
Á. Maddaloni, J. L. Peydró Alcalde, J. Suárez, Reint E. Gropp
Moneda y crédito,
No. 230,
2010
Abstract
We analyze the determinants fo standards and demand for loans to firms and house-holds over the last business cycle using the comprehensive and confidential Bank Lending Survery from the Euro area. There is significant variation of standards and demand over the cycle. Standards for business loans vary more during the business cycle than the lending standards for households, whereas credit demand from households varies more than demand from firms. Lending standards vary mainly due to charges in perception of borrower risk, bank balance sheet positions and competitive pressures. In particular, we find that higher GDP growth softens lending standards for all loans, i. e. lending standards are pro-cyclical. However, we also find pro-cyclicality in credit demand.
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