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Media Response Archive 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 December 2021 IWH: Ausblick auf Wirtschaftsjahr 2022 in Sachsen mit Bezug auf IWH-Prognose zu Ostdeutschland: "Warum Sachsens…
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Department Profiles
Research Profiles of the IWH Departments All doctoral students are allocated to one of the four research departments (Financial Markets – Laws, Regulations and Factor Markets –…
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Department Profiles
Research Profiles of the IWH Departments All doctoral students are allocated to one of the four research departments (Financial Markets – Laws, Regulations and Factor Markets –…
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Long-run Competitive Spillovers of the Credit Crunch
William McShane
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 10,
2023
Abstract
Competition in the U.S. appears to have declined. One contributing factor may have been heterogeneity in the availability of credit during the financial crisis. I examine the impact of product market peer credit constraints on long-run competitive outcomes and behavior among non-financial firms. I use measures of lender exposure to the financial crisis to create a plausibly exogenous instrument for product market credit availability. I find that credit constraints of product market peers positively predict growth in sales, market share, profitability, and markups. This is consistent with the notion that firms gained at the expense of their credit constrained peers. The relationship is robust to accounting for other sources of inter-firm spillovers, namely credit access of technology network and supply chain peers. Further, I find evidence of strategic investment, i.e. the idea that firms increase investment in response to peer credit constraints to commit to deter entry mobility. This behavior may explain why temporary heterogeneity in the availability of credit appears to have resulted in a persistent redistribution of output across firms.
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The Viral Effects of Foreign Trade and Supply Networks in the Euro Area
Virginia di Nino, Bruno Veltri
IWH-CompNet Discussion Papers,
No. 4,
2020
Abstract
Containment measures of COVID-19 have generated a chain of supply and demand shocks around the globe with heterogeneous fallout across industries and countries. We quantify their transmission via foreign trade with a focus on the euro area where deep firms integration within regional supply chains and strong demand linkages act as a magnification mechanism. We estimate that spillover effects in the euro area from suppression measures in one of the five main euro area countries range between 15-28% the size of the original shock; negative foreign demand shocks depress euro area aggregate activity by about a fifth the size of the external shock and a fourth of the total effect is due to indirect propagation through euro area supply chain. Last, reopening to regional tourism softened the contraction of aggregate activity due to travel and tourism bans by about a third in the euro area. Our findings suggest that enhanced coordination of recovery plans would magnify their beneficial effects.
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Exporting Liquidity: Branch Banking and Financial Integration
Erik P. Gilje, Elena Loutskina, Philip E. Strahan
Journal of Finance,
No. 3,
2016
Abstract
Using exogenous liquidity windfalls from oil and natural gas shale discoveries, we demonstrate that bank branch networks help integrate U.S. lending markets. Banks exposed to shale booms enjoy liquidity inflows, which increase their capacity to originate and hold new loans. Exposed banks increase mortgage lending in nonboom counties, but only where they have branches and only for hard‐to‐securitize mortgages. Our findings suggest that contracting frictions limit the ability of arm's length finance to integrate credit markets fully. Branch networks continue to play an important role in financial integration, despite the development of securitization markets.
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Financial Integration, Housing, and Economic Volatility
Elena Loutskina, Philip E. Strahan
Journal of Financial Economics,
No. 1,
2015
Abstract
The Great Recession illustrates the sensitivity of the economy to housing. This paper shows that financial integration, fostered by securitization and nationwide branching, amplified the positive effect of housing price shocks on the economy during the 1994–2006 period. We exploit variation in credit supply subsidies across local markets from government-sponsored enterprises to measure housing price changes unrelated to fundamentals. Using this instrument, we find that house price shocks spur economic growth. The effect is larger in localities more financially integrated, through both secondary loan market and bank branch networks. Financial integration thus raised the effect of collateral shocks on local economies, increasing economic volatility.
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Essays on Network Regulation – Theoretical and Empirical Evidence from the Electricity Supply Industry
Christian Growitsch
Schriften des IWH,
No. 21,
2005
Abstract
Mit dem Etablieren des gemeinsamen Europäischen Binnenmarktes im Laufe der 80er und 90er Jahre des vergangenen Jahrhunderts und dem damit verbundenen Wegfall von Handelsbarrieren und anderen Wettbewerbshemmnissen rückte die Liberalisierung sogenannter Netzindustrien in den Fokus der Europäischen Politik. Die Deregulierung solcher Sektoren mit physischer Netzinfrastruktur, insbesondere der Märkte für Strom, Gas, Telekommunikation und Schienenverkehr wurde zu einem wesentlichen Aspekt des Ziels der Förderung von Wettbewerb in der Europäischen Ökonomie. Die Einführung wettbewerblicher Strukturen in die ehemalig monopolistischen Netzindustrien bedingte die Notwendigkeit wettbewerbspolitischer Reformen auf nationaler und Europäischer Ebene. Insbesondere die Sicherstellung gleicher Wettbewerbsbedingungen und der Schutz der Verbraucher vor Marktmachtmißbrauch durch die etablierten Anbieter rückte in den Fokus der Wirtschaftspolitik und führte zum Aufbau sektorspezifischer Regulierungsregime. Diese unterscheiden sich deutlich sowohl sektoral wie im Hinblick auf nationale Ordnungsrahmen hinsichtlich ihrer Rahmenbedingungen, ihrer Methoden, ihrer Struktur und ihrer ökonomischen Wirkung. Der Austausch und die Übertragung von Erkenntnissen und Erfahrungen und die kontinuierliche Verbesserung bestehender institutioneller Arrangements sollte daher ein bedeutender Aspekt ökonomischer Forschung und staatlicher Wirtschaftspolitik sein. Die hier vorliegende Sammlung energieökonomischer Aufsätze zielt auf eben jenen Erkenntnistransfer ab. Dazu wird in den ersten beiden Artikeln ein spezifisches Regulierungsregime, der sogenannte verhandelte Netzzugang, und die damit verbundenen Erfahrungen aus dem deutschen Elektrizitätsmarkt vorgestellt. Ein dritter Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit der Versorgungsqualität in Netzsektoren am Beispiel lokaler Stromverteilnetzbetreiber in einem europäischen Vergleich.
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A revised theory of contestable markets : applied on the German telecommunication sector
Christian Growitsch, Thomas Wein
Externe Publikationen,
No. 275,
2002
Abstract
Despite the scepticism raised by the German Monopoly Commission our analysis shows that the revised theory of contestable markets can be applied to the telecommunications market better than expected. The original contestable market theory implied three assumptions necessary to be satisfied to establish potential competition: Free market entry, market exit is possible without any costs, and the price adjustment lag exceeds the entry lag. Our analysis shows that if the incumbent reduces its prices slowly (high adjustment lag) and the market entry can be performed quickly (low entry lag), a new competitor will be able to earn back sunk costs. Therefore it is not necessary that all three conditions are satisfied for potential competition to exist. We applied the ‘revised’ contestable market theory to the German telecommunication market and have been able to clearly identify the value added stages in which regulation is required. Under the present conditions local loops - which can be determined as natural monopolies - are not contestable due to sunk costs, high entry lags expected and a probable short price adjustment lag. Local loops can be identified as monopolistic bottlenecks therefore. Regional and local connection networks should also be regulated because a high entry lag and a low price adjustment lag have to be expected as well as current competition does not exist today. The national connection network shows current competition between several network providers; hence regulation can be abolished in this field. Assumed that network access is regulated, services can be supplied by several competing firms.
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