Die Weltwirtschaft wächst derzeit langsamer als vor der Pandemie, wobei sich die Unterschiede zwischen den Regionen verringern. Während die konjunkturelle Dynamik in den USA nachgibt, wird die Wirtschaft in China durch strukturelle Probleme gebremst. Europa zeigt nach einer Stagnationsphase erste Anzeichen einer Erholung. Der Dienstleistungssektor treibt die weltwirtschaftliche Expansion an, und auch die Industrieproduktion, insbesondere in Schwellenländern, erholt sich teilweise. Dies zeigt sich im gestiegenen Warenhandel im ersten Halbjahr 2024, doch seit Sommer 2024 lässt die Dynamik wieder nach.

We analyze how skill transferability and the local industry mix affect the adjustment costs of workers hit by a trade shock. Using German administrative data and novel measures of economic distance we construct an index of labor market absorptiveness that captures the degree to which workers from a particular industry are able to reallocate into other jobs. Among manufacturing workers, we find that the earnings loss associated with increased import exposure is much higher for those who live in the least absorptive regions. We conclude that the local industry composition plays an important role in the adjustment processes of workers.

We provide first evidence for the long-run causal impact that Chinese imports to European regions had on voting outcomes and revisit earlier estimates of the short-run impact for a methodological reason. The fringes of the political spectrum gained ground many years after the China shock plateaued and, unlike an earlier study by Colantone and Stanig (2018b), we do not find any robust evidence for a short-run effect on far-right votes. Instead, far-left and populist parties gained in the short run. We identify persistent long-run effects of import shocks on voting. These effects are biased towards populism and, to a lesser extent, to the far-right.

We conduct a discrete choice experiment to investigate how the location of a firm in a rural or urban region affects the perceived job attractiveness for university students and graduates and, therewith, contributes to the rural–urban divide. We characterize the attractiveness of a location based on several dimensions (social life, public infrastructure and connectivity) and vary job design and contractual characteristics of the job. We find that job offers from companies in rural areas are generally considered less attractive, regardless of the attractiveness of the region. The negative perception is particularly pronounced among persons of urban origin and singles. In contrast, for individuals with partners and kids this preference is less pronounced. High-skilled individuals who originate from rural areas have no specific regional preference at all.