Macroeconomic Shocks and Banks' Foreign Assets
Claudia M. Buch, K. Carstensen, A. Schertler
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,
No. 1,
2010
Abstract
Recent developments in international financial markets have highlighted the role of banks in the transmission of shocks across borders. We employ dynamic panel methods for a sample of OECD countries to analyze whether banks' foreign assets react to macroeconomic shocks at home and abroad. We find that banks reduce their foreign assets in response to a relative increase in domestic interest rates, and they increase their foreign assets when the growth rate of world energy prices rises. The responses are characterized by a temporal overshooting and a dynamic adjustment process that extends over several quarters.
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Book Review on: Ahmed Bahagat, Fostering the use of Financial Risk Management Products in Developing Countries, 2002, Economic Research Papers No. 69, Abidjan: African Development Bank
Tobias Knedlik
African Development Perspectives Yearbook: Private and Public Sectors: Towards a Balance,
2004
Abstract
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Financial constraints and the margins of FDI
Claudia M. Buch
Bundesbank Discussion Paper 29/2009,
2009
Abstract
Recent literature on multinational firms has stressed the importance of low productivity as a barrier to the cross-border expansion of firms. But firms may also need external finance to shoulder the costs of entering foreign markets. We develop a model of multinational firms facing real and financial barriers to foreign direct investment (FDI), and we analyze their impact on the FDI decision (the extensive margin) and foreign affiliate sales (the intensive margin). We provide empirical evidence based on a detailed dataset of German multinationals which contains information on parent-level and affiliate-level financial constraints as well as about the location the foreign affiliates. We find that financial factors constrain firms’ foreign investment decisions, an effect felt in particular by large firms. Financial constraints at the parent level matter for the extensive, but less
so for the intensive margin. For the intensive margin, financial constraints at the affiliate level are relatively more important.
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Regional Growth and Finance in Europe: Is there a Quality Effect of Bank Efficiency?
Iftekhar Hasan, Michael Koetter, Michael Wedow
Journal of Banking and Finance,
No. 8,
2009
Abstract
In this study, we test whether regional growth in 11 European countries depends on financial development and suggest the use of cost- and profit-efficiency estimates as quality measures of financial institutions. Contrary to the usual quantitative proxies of financial development, the quality of financial institutions is measured in this study as the relative ability of banks to intermediate funds. An improvement in bank efficiency spurs five times more regional growth then an identical increase in credit does. More credit provided by efficient banks exerts an independent growth effect in addition to direct quantity and quality channel effects.
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Keeping the Bubble Alive! The Effects of Urban Renewal and Demolition Subsidies in the East German Housing Market
Dominik Weiß
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 11,
2009
Abstract
German urban renewal programs are favoring the cities in the Eastern part since the re-unification in 1990. This was accompanied additionally by attractive tax incentives, designed as an accelerated declining balance method of depreciation for housing investments during the late 1990s. The accumulated needs for comfortable housing after 40 years of a disastrous housing policy of the GDR era were generally accepted as justification for the subvention policy. But various subsidies and tax incentives caused a construction boom, false allocations, and a price bubble in Eastern Germany. After recognizing that the expansion of housing supply was not in line with the demographic development and that high vacancy rates were jeopardizing housing companies and their financial backers, policy changed in 2001. Up to now, the government provides demolition grants to reduce the vast oversupply. By means of a real option approach, it is ex-plained how different available forms of subsidies and economic incentives for landlords lift real estate values. The option value representing growth expectations and opportunities is calculated as an observable market value less an estimated fundamental value. Empirical results disclose higher option premiums for cities in Eastern Germany and a strong correlation of the option premium with urban renewal spending.
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Low Skill but High Volatility?
Claudia M. Buch
CESifo Working Paper No. 2665,
2009
Abstract
Globalization may impose a double-burden on low-skilled workers. On the one hand, the relative supply of low-skilled labor increases. This suppresses wages of low-skilled workers and/or increases their unemployment rates. On the other hand, low-skilled workers typically face more limited access to financial markets than high-skilled workers. This limits their ability to smooth shocks to income intertemporally and to share risks across borders. Using cross-country, industry-level data for the years 1970 - 2004, we document how the volatility of hours worked and of wages of workers at different skill levels has changed over time. We develop a stylized theoretical model that is consistent with the empirical evidence, and we test the predictions of the model. Our results show that greater financial globalization and development increases the volatility of employment, and this effect is strongest for low-skilled workers. A higher share of low-skilled employment has a dampening impact.
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Development of Economy and Public Budgets in the Medium Term
Kristina vanDeuverden, Rolf Scheufele
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2009
Abstract
Die derzeitige Lage der Weltwirtschaft ist von gravierender Unsicherheit gekennzeichnet. Ein Einbruch der wirtschaftlichen Aktivität hat stattgefunden; wie lang und wie schwer die Rezession aber sein wird, ist nicht leicht einzuschätzen. Gerade in dieser Situation ist eine Projektion der konjunkturellen, noch mehr aber der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung in der mittleren Frist schwierig.
Allerdings müssen wirtschaftliche und politische Entscheidungen nicht nur in einfachen Zeiten getroffen werden. Die Entwicklung der wirtschaftlichen Grundtendenz ist eine wichtige Entscheidungsgrundlage. Auch die Lage der öffentlichen Haushalte und ihre Veränderung über die Zeit sind von grundlegender Bedeutung. Zwar werden neue politische Maßnahmen die Projektion schnell veralten lassen, dennoch ist sie eine hilfreiche Bestandsaufnahme im Vorfeld weiterer Beschlüsse.
In der hier vorgelegten Projektion ist angenommen, dass es gelingt, das Finanzsystem zu stabilisieren, und dass sich bis zum Ende des Projektionszeitraums bremsende Einflüsse auf die Realwirtschaft zurückgebildet haben werden.
Unter dieser Bedingung wird das Bruttoinlandsprodukt in Deutschland im Jahr 2009 um 1,9% sinken. In den Jahren 2010 bis 2013 wird es allerdings mit durchschnittlich 1½% wieder spürbar zulegen. Erste Impulse werden dabei vom Außenhandel ausgehen, später wird die wirtschaftliche Dynamik vor allem von der Inlandsnachfrage getragen werden.
Die Lage der öffentlichen Haushalte wird sich im Gefolge der Finanzkrise deutlich verschlechtern. Neben direkten Auswirkungen der Finanzkrise auf die öffentlichen Haushalte – so der „Schutzschirm“ für die Banken – werden vor allem die realwirtschaftlichen Folgen die Haushalte belasten. Insbesondere wenn die Rezession auf den Arbeitsmarkt übergegriffen hat, werden Mehrausgaben und Mindereinnahmen die Defizite anschwellen lassen. Außerdem sind bereits Maßnahmen zur Stützung der Konjunktur verabschiedet worden, die sich belastend auf die Budgets auswirken.
Nach der hier vorgestellten Projektion wird der öffentliche Gesamthaushalt bis zum Ende des Projektionszeitraums deutliche Defizite aufweisen, allerdings wird die Defizitgrenze des Maastrichter Vertrags nicht überschritten.
Das IWH legt in diesem Winter zum ersten Mal eine Projektion der mittelfristigen Wirtschaftsentwicklung vor. Die methodischen und theoretischen Grundlagen sind in einem Sonderkapitel am Ende des Beitrags ausführlich dargelegt.
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Spillover Effects of Spatial Growth Poles - a Reconciliation of Conflicting Policy Targets?
Alexander Kubis, Mirko Titze, Joachim Ragnitz
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 8,
2007
Abstract
Regional economic policy faces the challenge of two competing policy goals - reducing regional economic disparities vs. promoting economic growth. The allocation of public funds has to weigh these goals particularly under the restriction of scarce financial re- sources. If, however, some region turns out to be a regional growth pole with positive spillovers to its disadvantaged periphery, regional policies could be designed to recon- cile the conflicting targets. In this case, peripheral regions could indirectly participate in the economic development of their growing cores. We start our investigation by defining and identifying such growth poles among German regions on the NUTS 3 administrative level based on spatial and sectoral effects. Using cluster analysis, we determine significant characteristics for the general identification of growth poles. Patterns in the sectoral change are identified by means of the change in the employment. Finally, we analyze whether and to what extent these growth poles ex- ert spatial spillover effects on neighbouring regions and thus mitigate contradictory in- terests in regional public policy. For this purpose, we apply a Spatial-Cross-Regressive- Model (SCR-Model) including the change in the secondary sector which allows to con- sider functional economic relations on the administrative level chosen (NUTS 3).
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Financial Development in Eastern Europe: The First Ten Years
Johannes Stephan, A. Winkler
TU Spektrum,
No. 2,
2000
Abstract
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Banks’ Internationalization Strategies: The Role of Bank Capital Regulation
Diemo Dietrich, Uwe Vollmer
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 18,
2006
Abstract
This paper studies how capital requirements influence a bank’s mode of entry into foreign financial markets. We develop a model of an internationally operating bank that creates and allocates liquidity across countries and argue that the advantage of multinational banking over offering cross-border financial services depends on the benefit and the cost of intimacy with local markets. The benefit is that it allows to create more liquidity. The cost is that it causes inefficiencies in internal capital markets, on which a multinational bank relies to allocate liquidity across countries. Capital requirements affect this trade-off by influencing the degree of inefficiency in internal capital markets.
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