Flow of conjunctural information and forecast of euro area economic activity
Katja Drechsel, L. Maurin
ECB Working Paper, no. 925,
2008
Abstract
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New Limits of Municipal Economic Activity: Expansion versus Reduction?
Peter Haug
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 12,
2007
Abstract
Das IWH veranstaltete unter Federführung der Abteilung Stadtökonomik am 11. und 12. Oktober 2007 zum zweiten Mal eine Tagung mit dem Themenschwerpunkt Kommunalwirtschaft. Das zentrale Anliegen der Veranstaltung war es, im Rahmen eines interdisziplinären Dialogs die räumlichen wie sachlichen Grenzen kommunaler Wirtschaftstätigkeit auszuloten. Das Kolloquium richtete sich dabei sowohl an einschlägig tätige Wissenschaftler als auch an Praktiker der Kommunalwirtschaft und -verwaltung, Verbandsvertreter, Politiker und andere Interessierte. Die Beiträge behandelten ein breites Themenspektrum. Ein Themenblock des ersten Konferenztags befaßte sich mit der teilweise kontroversen Bewertung der kommunalwirtschaftlichen Tätigkeit aus Sicht verschiedener Fachdisziplinen: Rechtswissenschaft, Volkswirtschaftslehre, öffentliche Betriebswirtschaftslehre und Soziologie. Daneben wurden ausgewählte Einzelbereiche der kommunalen Wirtschaftstätigkeit (ÖPNV, kommunale Wohnungswirtschaft) vertieft behandelt. Der zweite Konferenztag war den Themen Grenzen der Kommunalwirtschaft in Südeuropa, regionalwirtschaftliche Effekte kommunaler Wirtschaftstätigkeit und der Frage des Arbeitnehmerschutzes bei Privatisierungen gewidmet. Eine Podiumsdiskussion mit Vertretern aus Politik, Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft zur zukünftigen Bedeutung städtischer Firmen für die Finanz-, Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftspolitik schloß die Veranstaltung ab. Als Resümee der Veranstaltung läßt sich ziehen, daß im kommunalen Sektor vieles in Bewegung ist, unter anderem aufgrund zunehmenden EU-Integration und der Liberalisierung des Energiesektors. Darüber hinaus wurde einer schrankenlosen räumlichen wie sachlichen Ausweitung der kommunalen Wirtschaftstätigkeit genauso eine Absage erteilt wie einer vollständigen Privatisierung der Kommunalwirtschaft.
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Poland: Strong Domestic Demand Will Drive Economic Activity
Martina Kämpfe
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 12,
2007
Abstract
Die rege wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in Polen hat 2007 vor allem von der kräftigen Binnennachfrage profitiert. Sie sorgte für eine hohe Auslastung der Produktionskapazitäten und schlug sich außerdem in einer starken Zunahme der Importe nieder, wohingegen die Exporte aufgrund des schwächeren Nachfragezuwachses auf dem Absatzmarkt in den alten EU-Ländern langsamer zulegten als im Vorjahr. Der Beitrag der Außenwirtschaft zum Bruttoinlandsprodukt blieb negativ.
Die Trendwende am Arbeitsmarkt hin zu einem Beschäftigungsaufbau hat sich verfestigt, die Arbeitslosenrate ging im Jahresverlauf weiter zurück. Allerdings kam es vor allem durch die Arbeitskräfteabwanderung in einzelnen Segmenten des Arbeitsmarkts zu angebotsseitigen Engpässen, die trotz einer vergleichsweise noch hohen Arbeitslosigkeit Druck auf die Löhne in einzelnen Berufsgruppen ausüben konnten. Die rasch steigenden Löhne und ein damit verbundener Anstieg der Lohnstückkosten wirkten inflationstreibend, die preisliche Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der polnischen Unternehmen verringerte sich.
Im Prognosezeitraum wird die Binnennachfrage kräftig bleiben und stärker als das Bruttoinlandsprodukt zulegen. Getrieben wird die Nachfrage vor allem von den Investitionen, die auch in den nächsten Jahren im zweistelligen Bereich zunehmen werden. Die Wirtschaft wird jedoch 2008 mit 5,5% etwas schwächer als 2007 expandieren, da das Importwachstum das der Exporte weiterhin leicht übertreffen wird und die Geldpolitik angesichts stärker preistreibender Faktoren wieder etwas restriktiver werden dürfte.
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Spillover Effects of Spatial Growth Poles - a Reconciliation of Conflicting Policy Targets?
Alexander Kubis, Mirko Titze, Joachim Ragnitz
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 8,
2007
Abstract
Regional economic policy faces the challenge of two competing policy goals - reducing regional economic disparities vs. promoting economic growth. The allocation of public funds has to weigh these goals particularly under the restriction of scarce financial re- sources. If, however, some region turns out to be a regional growth pole with positive spillovers to its disadvantaged periphery, regional policies could be designed to recon- cile the conflicting targets. In this case, peripheral regions could indirectly participate in the economic development of their growing cores. We start our investigation by defining and identifying such growth poles among German regions on the NUTS 3 administrative level based on spatial and sectoral effects. Using cluster analysis, we determine significant characteristics for the general identification of growth poles. Patterns in the sectoral change are identified by means of the change in the employment. Finally, we analyze whether and to what extent these growth poles ex- ert spatial spillover effects on neighbouring regions and thus mitigate contradictory in- terests in regional public policy. For this purpose, we apply a Spatial-Cross-Regressive- Model (SCR-Model) including the change in the secondary sector which allows to con- sider functional economic relations on the administrative level chosen (NUTS 3).
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Effectiveness of Competition Law: A Panel Data Analysis
Franz Kronthaler
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 7,
2007
Abstract
The paper explores what macroeconomic factors can tell us about the effectiveness of recently enacted national competition laws. Qualitative evidence suggests that numerous countries fall short in implementing competition law. Furthermore, there seems to be significant differences between countries. To examine what factors might contribute to the explanation of effectiveness of competition law panel regression analysis is used. The results indicate that the level of economic development matters, however the institutional learning curve is also relevant. Furthermore, larger countries should be more concerned with competition advocacy activities than smaller countries and it seems to be the case that the problem of capture of competition law is serious in countries with high levels of corruption.
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What Determines the Efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems?
Michael Fritsch, Viktor Slavtchev
Jena Economic Research Papers, Nr. 2007-006,
No. 6,
2007
Abstract
We assess the efficiency of regional innovation systems (RIS) in Germany by means of a knowledge production function. This function relates private sector research and development (R&D) activity in a region to the number of inventions that have been registered by residents of that region. Different measures and estimation approaches lead to rather similar assessments. We find that both spillovers within the private sector as well as from universities and other public research institutions have a positive effect on the efficiency of private sector R&D in the respective region. It is not the mere presence and size of public research institutions, but rather the intensity of interactions between private and public sector R&D that leads to high RIS efficiency. We find that relationship between the diversity of a regions’ industry structure and the efficiency of its innovation system is inversely u-shaped. Regions dominated by large establishments tend to be less efficient than regions with a lower average establishment size.
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FDI versus exports: Evidence from German banks
Claudia M. Buch, A. Lipponer
Journal of Banking and Finance,
No. 3,
2007
Abstract
We use a new bank-level dataset to study the FDI-versus-exports decision for German banks. We extend the literature on multinational firms in two directions. First, we simultaneously study FDI and the export of cross-border financial services. Second, we test recent theories on multinational firms which show the importance of firm heterogeneity [Helpman, E., Melitz, M.J., Yeaple, S.R., 2004. Export versus FDI. American Economic Review 94 (1), 300–316]. Our results show that FDI and cross-border services are complements rather than substitutes. Heterogeneity of banks has a significant impact on the internationalization decision. More profitable and larger banks are more likely to expand internationally than smaller banks. They have more extensive foreign activities, and they are more likely to engage in FDI in addition to cross-border financial services.
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The Economic Theory of Institutional Change (ETIC) as an Approach to Explain the Emergence of Public Activities (Überarbeitete Fassung eines Vortrags anläßlich der Jahrestagung 1996 des International Institute of Public Finance in Tel Aviv )
Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften (ZWS),
1997
Abstract
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Economic Capability of East German Regions: Results of a Cluster Analysis
Franz Kronthaler
Regional Studies,
No. 6,
2005
Abstract
This paper analyses the economic capability of East German regions compared with West German regions. Based on new growth theory and new economic geography, and using relevant empirical literature, regions are clustered according to a set of growth factors. The clustering results find little evidence that the economic capability of East German regions is already comparable with West German regions. Economic disadvantages are particularly rooted in lower technical progress, a lack of entrepreneurship, lower business and industrial concentration, and a loss of human capital. However, there are a few East German regions with a high economic capability, but even those suffer from economic disadvantages such as lower technical progress, lower industrial activity and a poorer regional accessibility.
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Eastern Germany in the process of catching-up: the role of foreign and Western German investors in technological renewal
Jutta Günther, Oliver Gebhardt
Eastern European Economics,
No. 3,
2005
Abstract
Foreign direct investment as a means to support system transformation and the ongoing process of catching-up development has caught researcher’s attention for a number of Central and Eastern European countries. Not much research, however, has been carried out for East Germany in this respect although FDI plays an important role in East Germany too. Descriptive analysis by the use of unique survey data shows that foreign and West German affiliates perform much better with respect to technological capability and labor productivity than domestic companies in East Germany. The results of the regression analysis, however, show that it is not the status of ownership as such that forms a significant determinant of innovativeness in East Germany but rather general firms specific characteristics attached to it such as firm size, export-intensity, technical state of the equipment, and R&D activities. Due to the fact that foreign and West German affiliates perform better with respect to exactly all of these characteristics, they can be considered as a means to support the process of technological renewal and economic development.
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