The Dilemma of Delegating Search: Budgeting in Public Employment Services
Martin Altemeyer-Bartscher, J. T. Addison, T. Kuhn
IZA Discussion Papers, No. 5170,
No. 5170,
2010
Abstract
The poor performance often attributed to many public employment services may be explained in part by a delegation problem between the central office and local job centers. In markets characterized by frictions, job centers function as match-makers, linking job seekers with relevant vacancies. Because their search intensity in contacting employers and collecting data is not verifiable by the central authority, a typical moral hazard problem can arise. To overcome the delegation problem and provide high-powered incentives for high levels of search effort on the part of job centers, we propose output-related schemes that assign greater staff capacity to agencies achieving high strike rates.
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Corporate Governance in the Multinational Enterprise: A Financial Contracting Perspective
Diemo Dietrich, Björn Jindra
International Business Review,
2010
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to bring economics-based finance research more into the focus of international business theory. On the basis of an analytical model that introduces financial constraints into incomplete contracting in an international vertical trade relationship, we propose an integrated framework that facilitates the study of the interdependencies between internalisation decisions, firm-internal allocations of control rights, and the debt capacity of firms. We argue that the financial constraint of an MNE and/or its supplier should be considered as an important determinant of internal governance structures, complementary to, and interacting with, institutional factors and proprietary knowledge.
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Going Public to Acquire? The Acquisition Motive in IPOs
Ugur Celikyurt, Merih Sevilir, Anil Shivdasani
Journal of Financial Economics,
No. 3,
2010
Abstract
Newly public firms make acquisitions at a torrid pace. Their large acquisition appetites reflect the concentration of initial public offerings (IPOs) in mergers and acquisitions-(M&A-) intensive industries, but acquisitions by IPO firms also outpace those by mature firms in the same industry. IPO firms' acquisition activity is fueled by the initial capital infusion at the IPO and through the creation of an acquisition currency used to raise capital for both cash- and stock-financed acquisitions along with debt issuance subsequent to the IPO. IPO firms play a bigger role in the M&A process by participating as acquirers than they do as takeover targets, and acquisitions are as important to their growth as research and development (R&D) and capital expenditures (CAPEX). The pattern of acquisitions following an IPO shapes the evolution of ownership structure of newly public firms.
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How an IPO Helps in M&A
Ugur Celikyurt, Merih Sevilir, Anil Shivdasani
Journal of Applied Corporate Finance,
No. 2,
2010
Abstract
An initial public offering (IPO) can often provide a powerful stimulus to private companies seeking to pursue an acquisition-driven growth strategy. Based on a comprehensive analysis of U.S. IPOs, the authors show that newly public companies are prolific acquirers. Over 30% of companies conducting an IPO make at least one acquisition in their IPO year, and the typical IPO firm makes about four acquisitions during its first five years as a public company. IPOs facilitate M&A not only by providing infusions of capital but also by creating ongoing access to equity and debt markets for cash-financed deals. In addition, IPOs create an acquisition currency that can prove valuable in stock-financed deals when the shares are attractively priced. The authors also argue that IPOs improve the ability of companies to conduct M&A by resolving some of the valuation uncertainty facing privately held companies.
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What Happened to the East German Housing Market? A Historical Perspective on the Role of Public Funding
Claus Michelsen, Dominik Weiß
Post-Communist Economies,
2010
Abstract
The paper analyses the development of the East German housing market after the reunification of the former German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany in 1990. We analyse the dynamics of the East German housing market within the framework of the well-known stock-flow model, proposed by DiPasquale and Wheaton. We show that the today observable disequilibrium to a large extend is caused by post-unification housing policy and its strong fiscal incentives to invest into the housing stock. Moreover, in line with the stylized empirical facts, we show that ‘hidden reserves’ of the housing market were reactivated since the economy of East Germany became market organized. Since initial undersupply was overcome faster than politicians expected, the implemented fiscal stimuli were too strong. In contrast to the widespread opinion that outward migration caused the observable vacancies, this paper shows that not weakness of demand but supply side policies caused the observable disequilibrium.
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Deriving the Term Structure of Banking Crisis Risk with a Compound Option Approach: The Case of Kazakhstan
Stefan Eichler, Alexander Karmann, Dominik Maltritz
Discussion paper, Series 2: Banking and financial studies, No. 01/2010,
No. 1,
2010
Abstract
We use a compound option-based structural credit risk model to infer a term structure of banking crisis risk from market data on bank stocks in daily frequency. Considering debt service payments with different maturities this term structure assigns a separate estimator for short- and long-term default risk to each maturity. Applying the Duan (1994) maximum likelihood approach, we find for Kazakhstan that the overall crisis probability was mainly driven by short-term risk, which increased from 25% in March 2007 to 80% in December 2008. Concurrently, the long-term default risk increased from 20% to only 25% during the same period.
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What Happened to the East German Housing Market? – A Historical Perspective on the Role of Public Funding –
Claus Michelsen, Dominik Weiß
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 20,
2009
Abstract
The paper analyses the development of the East German housing market after the reunification of the former German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany in 1990. We analyse the dynamics of the East German housing market within the framework of the well-known stock-flow model, proposed by DiPasquale and Wheaton. We show that the today observable disequilibrium to a large extend is caused by post-unification housing policy and its strong fiscal incentives to invest into the housing stock. Moreover, in line with the stylized empirical facts, we show that ‘hidden reserves’ of the housing market were reactivated since the economy of East Germany became market organized. Since initial undersupply was overcome faster than politicians expected, the implemented fiscal stimuli were too strong. In contrast to the widespread opinion that outward migration caused the observable vacancies, this paper shows that not weakness of demand but supply side policies caused the observable disequilibrium.
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Tentative Recovery, Public Debt on the Rise
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
2. Sonderausgabe
2009
Abstract
Im Herbst 2009 scheint der Tiefpunkt der schwersten weltwirtschaftlichen Rezession seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg überschritten. Vieles deutet auf eine konjunkturelle Erholung hin. Die Lage an den Weltfinanzmärkten hat sich erheblich entspannt, die Stimmungsindikatoren weisen wieder nach oben, die Auftragseingänge haben zugenommen, und die Produktion ist verbreitet gestiegen. Der Welthandel, der bis in das Frühjahr hinein rückläufig gewesen war, nahm im Sommer wieder deutlich zu. In einer Reihe von Schwellenländern, vor allem im asiatischen Raum, war die gesamtwirtschaftliche Produktion bereits im zweiten Quartal wieder deutlich aufwärtsgerichtet.
Maßgeblich für den Umschwung war die Stabilisierung an den Finanzmärkten, zu der es im Frühjahr als Folge massiver Interventionen der Notenbanken sowie der Ankündigung staatlicher Stützungsprogramme und Garantien für den Finanzsektor kam. Die Risikoneigung der Investoren hat sich inzwischen wieder stark erhöht. Indiz dafür ist der Anstieg der Kurse an den internationalen Aktienmärkten, aber auch der Rückgang der Risikoaufschläge auf Unternehmensanleihen und auf Staatsanleihen von Schwellenländern. In der Realwirtschaft machen sich außerdem zunehmend die anregenden Wirkungen der staatlichen Konjunkturprogramme bemerkbar.
Allerdings zeigt die Erfahrung früherer wirtschaftlicher Schwächephasen, dass Rezessionen, die mit Banken- und Immobilienkrisen einhergingen, zumeist nur langsam überwunden wurden. Daher rechnen die Institute damit, dass die konjunkturelle Dynamik im kommenden Jahr weltweit mäßig bleibt. Denn die Probleme im internationalen Finanzsystem sind noch nicht überwunden. Zudem kehren sich die günstigen Einflüsse der Energiepreisentwicklung auf Konsum und Unternehmensgewinne in den Industrieländern bei dem der Prognose zugrunde liegenden Ölpreis von 75 US-Dollar je Barrel im Jahr 2010 um. Ferner werden die finanzpolitischen Anregungen im Verlauf des kommenden Jahres nachlassen. Schließlich hat sich in vielen Ländern die Beschäftigung noch nicht an die deutlich verringerte Produktion angepasst. Dort wird die Arbeitslosigkeit selbst bei einer spürbaren Expansion der Produktion wohl noch geraume Zeit steigen, was die Zunahme der verfügbaren Einkommen und der Binnennachfrage dämpfen dürfte.
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The Identification of Technology Regimes in Banking: Implications for the Market Power-Fragility Nexus
Michael Koetter, Tigran Poghosyan
Journal of Banking and Finance,
No. 8,
2009
Abstract
Neglecting the existence of different technologies in banking can contaminate efficiency, market power, and other performance measures. By simultaneously estimating (i) technology regimes conditional on exogenous factors, (ii) efficiency conditional on risk management, and (iii) Lerner indices of German banks, we identify three distinct technology regimes: Public & Retail, Small & Specialized, and Universal & Relationship. System estimation at the regional level reveals that greater bank market power increases bank profitability but also fosters corporate defaults. Corporate defaults, in turn, lead to higher probabilities of bank distress, which supports the market power-fragility hypothesis.
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Are Public Debts of the German Federal States Influencing their Financial Scope?
Sabine Freye
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 12,
2009
Abstract
Die Bundesländer haben sowohl einnahmen- als aus ausgabenseitig nur eng begrenzte finanzielle Handlungsspielräume. Aus dieser Situation heraus resultierte ein seit Jahr¬zehnten zu beobachtender Anstieg der öffentlichen Schulden. Gegenwärtig steht die Verschuldung der Bundesländer aufgrund der Beschlüsse der Föderalismuskommission II vom März 2009 erneut im Mittelpunkt des Interesses. Die Schuldenbremse beinhaltet die schrittweise erfolgende Rückführung der strukturellen Defizite sowie ein strukturelles Netto-neuverschuldungsverbot der Länder ab dem Jahr 2020. Auf kurze Sicht bedeuten diese Regelungen für die Mehrzahl der Länder eine Einschränkung ihrer finanziellen Hand-lungsspielräume. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, inwieweit diese Spielräume zum gegenwärti¬gen Zeitpunkt in den einzelnen Ländern bestehen. Hierfür werden die Kreditmarkt-schulden je Einwohner sowie die Zins-Steuer- und Zins-Ausgaben-Quoten der Länder betrachtet. Es zeigt sich, dass die fünf Länder, die ab dem Jahr 2010 Konsolidierungs-zahlungen zum Abbau ihrer strukturellen Defizite erhalten werden, im Jahr 2006 im Länder-vergleich zumeist die geringsten finanziellen Handlungsspielräume aus¬wiesen. Die höchsten Belastungen verzeichneten die Stadtstaaten Berlin und Bremen.
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