Wissensintensive Verflechtungen von Hochschulen und anderen Akteuren
Gunnar Pippel
Peer Pasternack (ed.), Regional gekoppelte Hochschulen. Die Potenziale von Forschung und Lehre für demografisch herausgeforderte Regionen. Institut für Hochschulforschung (HoF): Wittenberg,
2013
Abstract
Hochschulen haben neben der Ausbildungs- und Forschungsfunktion auch eine Transferfunktion. Geht aufgrund des demographischen Wandels die Bedeutung der Ausbildungsfunktion von Hochschulen zurück, so stellt sich die Frage, ob die Forschungs- und Transferfunktion dies kompensieren können. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, einen Ansatz zur Erfassung der Transferfunktion vorzustellen.
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R&D Offshoring and the Productivity Growth of European Regions
Davide Castellani, F. Pieri
CIRCLE Working Papers, No. 20,
No. 20,
2013
Abstract
The recent increase in R&D offshoring have raised fears that knowledge and competitiveness in advanced countries may be at risk of 'hollowing out'. At the same time, economic research has stressed that this process is also likely to allow some reverse technology transfer and foster growth at home. This paper addresses this issue by investigating the extent to which R&D offshoring is associated with productivity dynamics of European regions. We find that offshoring regions have higher productivity growth, but this positive effect fades down with the number of investment projects carried out abroad. A large and positive correlation emerge between the extent of R&D offshoring and the home region productivity growth, supporting the idea that carrying out R&D abroad strengthen European competitiveness.
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Proximity and the Transfer of Academic Knowledge: Evidence from the Spatial Pattern of Industry Collaborations of East German Professors
Viktor Slavtchev
Regional Studies,
No. 5,
2013
Abstract
Nähe und Übertragung von akademischem Wissen: Belege aus dem räumlichen Muster der Kooperation zwischen ostdeutschen Professoren und der Industrie, Regional Studies. Universitäten können die ökonomische Entwicklung von Regionen stimulieren, insbesondere durch Kooperation mit der lokalen Industrie. Die vorliegende Studie analysiert, wann solche Kooperationen lokal stattfinden. Die existierende Literatur deutet daraufhin, dass aufgrund von tacidem Wissen und der Bedeutung geographischer Nähe Kooperationen überwiegend lokal stattfinden. Die vorliegende Studie findet Evidenz, dass das räumliche Muster von Kooperationen zwischen Universitäten und der Industrie als Resultat eines komplexen Matching-Prozesses zwischen Partnern mit geeigneten Charakteristika betrachtet werden kann. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass individuelle, relationale sowie institutionelle Charakteristika der Akteure eine wichtige Rolle für die Partnerwahl spielen. Demnach sind lokale Kooperationen nicht zwingend.
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Cooperation Events, Ego-Network Characteristics and Firm Innovativeness – Empirical Evidence from the German Laser Industry
Muhamed Kudic, Katja Guhr
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 6,
2013
Abstract
We study how firm innovativeness is related to individual cooperation events and the structure and dynamics of firms’ ego-networks employing a unique panel dataset for the full population of 233 German laser source manufactures between 1990 and 2010. Firm innovativeness is measured by yearly patent applications as well as patent grants with a two year time-lag. Network measures are calculated on the basis of 570 knowledge-related publicly funded R&D alliances. Estimation results from a panel data count model with fixed effects are suggestive of direct innovation effects due to individual cooperation events, but only as long as structural ego-network characteristics are neglected. Innovativeness is robustly related to ego-network size and ego-network brokerage whereas ego-network density reveals some surprising results.
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Agglomeration and FDI in East German Knowledge-intensive Business Services
Philipp Marek
Economia Politica,
No. 3,
2012
Abstract
The focus of this article is the empirical identification of factors influencing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) sector on the regional level of «Raumordnungsregionen» in East Germany. The analysis focuses on the impact of regional agglomeration and technological capability on the location decision of foreign investors and West German MNEs. It shows that localisation, patent activity and the share of employees with an R&D occupation affect significantly the location decision of FDI. This result provides an explanation for the strong concentration of KIBS in urban areas in a post-transition economy.
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Heterogeneous FDI in Transition Economies – A Novel Approach to Assess the Developmental Impact of Backward Linkages
Axèle Giroud, Björn Jindra, Philipp Marek
World Development,
No. 11,
2012
Abstract
Traditional models of technology transfer via FDI rely upon technology gap and absorptive capacity arguments to explain host economies’ potential to benefit from technological spillovers. This paper emphasizes foreign affiliates’ technological heterogeneity. We apply a novel approach differentiating extent and intensity of backward linkages between foreign affiliates and local suppliers. We use survey data on 809 foreign affiliates in five transition economies. Our evidence shows that foreign affiliates’ technological capability, embeddedness and autonomy are positively related to knowledge transfer via backward linkages. In contrast to what is widely assumed, we find a non-linear relationship between extent of local sourcing and knowledge transfer to domestic suppliers.
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The Determinants of Inward Foreign Direct Investment in Business Services Across European Regions
Davide Castellani
Finanza e Statistica 104/2012,
2012
Abstract
The paper accounts for the determinants of inward foreign direct investment in business services across the EU-27 regions. Together with the traditional variables considered in the literature (market size, market quality, agglomeration economies, labour cost, technology, human capital), we focus on the role of forward linkages with manufacturing sectors and other service sectors as
attractors of business services FDI at the regional level. This hypothesis is based on the evidence that the growth of business services is mostly due to increasing intermediate demand by other services industries and by manufacturing industries and on the importance of geographical proximity for forward linkages in services.
To our knowledge, there are no studies investigating the role of forward linkages for the location of FDI. This paper aims therefore to fill this gap and add to the FDI literature by providing a picture of the specificities of the determinants of FDI in business services at the regional level. The empirical analysis draws upon the database fDi Markets, from which we selected projects having as a destination NUTS 2 European regions in the sectors of Business services over the period 2003-2008. Data on FDI have been matched with data drawn from the Eurostat Regio
database. Forward linkages have been constructed using the OECD Input/Output database. By estimating a negative binomial model, we find that regions specialised in those (manufacturing) sectors that are high potential users of business services attract more FDI than other regions. This confirms the role of forward linkages for the localisation of business service FDI, particularly in the case of manufacturing.
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Veblen's Predator and the Great Crisis
John B. Hall, Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Jutta Günther
Journal of Economic Issues,
No. 2,
2012
Abstract
With this inquiry we attribute cause for the current and “Great Crisis“ to Veblen's predator. After summarizing origins and manifestations of this crisis we juxtapose Veblen's emphasis upon the predator to other potential causes for crisis and crises. Noted to have emerged when our stock of human knowledge provided for the creation of surplus, Veblen's predator is presented as capable of metamorphosis and also driving evolution of our capitalistic system: whether this means emerging as the businessman in the “era of the machine,“ or the investment banker promoting a financial metaphysics in the current “era of finance.“
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