The Corporate Investment Benefits of Mutual Fund Dual Holdings
Rex Wang Renjie, Patrick Verwijmeren, Shuo Xia
Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,
forthcoming
Abstract
Mutual fund families increasingly hold bonds and stocks from the same firm. We present evidence that dual ownership allows firms to increase valuable investments and refinance by issuing bonds with lower yields and fewer restrictive covenants, especially when firms face financial distress. Dual holders also prevent overinvestment by firms with entrenched managers. Overall, our results suggest that mutual fund families internalize the agency conflicts of their portfolio companies, highlighting the positive governance externalities of intra-family cooperation.
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The Effects of Antitrust Laws on Horizontal Mergers: International Evidence
Chune Young Chung, Iftekhar Hasan, JiHoon Hwang, Incheol Kim
Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,
forthcoming
Abstract
This study examines how antitrust law adoptions affect horizontal merger and acquisition (M&A) outcomes. Using the staggered introduction of competition laws in 20 countries, we find antitrust regulation decreases acquirers’ five-day cumulative abnormal returns surrounding horizontal merger announcements. A decrease in deal value, target book assets, and industry peers' announcement returns are consistent with the market power hypothesis. Exploiting antitrust law adoptions addresses a downward bias to an estimated effect of antitrust enforcement (Baker (2003)). The potential bias from heterogeneous treatment effects does not nullify our results. Overall, antitrust policies seem to deter post-merger monopolistic gains, potentially improving customer welfare.
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Creditor-control Rights and the Nonsynchronicity of Global CDS Markets
Iftekhar Hasan, Miriam Marra, Eliza Wu, Gaiyan Zhang
Review of Corporate Finance Studies,
forthcoming
Abstract
We analyze how creditor rights affect the nonsynchronicity of global corporate credit default swap spreads (CDS-NS). CDS-NS is negatively related to the country-level creditor-control rights, especially to the “restrictions on reorganization” component, where creditor-shareholder conflicts are high. The effect is concentrated in firms with high investment intensity, asset growth, information opacity, and risk. Pro-creditor bankruptcy reforms led to a decline in CDS-NS, indicating lower firm-specific idiosyncratic information being priced in credit markets. A strategic-disclosure incentive among debtors avoiding creditor intervention seems more dominant than the disciplining effect, suggesting how strengthening creditor rights affects power rebalancing between creditors and shareholders.
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Environmental Incidents and Sustainability Pricing
Huyen Nguyen, Sochima Uzonwanne
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 17,
2024
Abstract
We investigate whether lenders employ sustainability pricing provisions to manage borrowers’ environmental risk. Using unexpected negative environmental incidents of borrowers as exogenous shocks that reveal information on environmental risk, we find that lenders manage borrowers’ environmental risk by conventional tools such as imposing higher interest rates, utilizing financial and net worth covenants, showing reluctance to refinance, and demanding increased collateral. In contrast, the inclusion of sustainability pricing provisions in loan agreements for high environmental risk borrowers is reduced by 11 percentage points. Our study suggests that sustainability pricing provisions may not primarily serve as risk management tools but rather as instruments to attract demand from institutional investors and facilitate secondary market transactions.
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Der Staat und die Banken: Bankenregulierung im Kontext dynamischer Entwicklungen und unter Berücksichtigung indirekt betroffener Akteure
Melina Ludolph, Lena Tonzer
ifo Schnelldienst,
No. 7,
2024
Abstract
Finanzmarktkrisen verursachen in der Regel hohe Kosten. Banken müssen stabilisiert werden, um einen Zusammenbruch des Bankensystems zu verhindern, was immense Kosten für den Staat bedeuten kann. Ebenso kommt es im Zuge von Finanzmarktkrisen zu einem starken Rückgang der wirtschaftlichen Aktivität, der im Vergleich zu gewöhnlichen Rezessionen länger anhält. Die Finanzmarktkrise hat dies ein weiteres Mal verdeutlicht und eine Phase der signifikanten Verschärfung der Regulierung und Aufsicht von Banken eingeleitet. Die Legislative hat das »Window of Opportunity« gut genutzt, und sowohl auf nationaler als auch auf europäischer Ebene wurden neue gesetzliche Grundlagen für eine stärkere Regulierung des Bankensystems erfolgreich eingeführt. Ein erster Erfolg des neuen regulatorischen Umfelds zeigte sich während der Corona-Pandemie, in der das Bankensystem stabil blieb. Dies wird auch durch die aktuell steigenden Eigenkapitalquoten und vergleichsweise niedrigen Ausfallraten im Kreditportfolio der Banken deutlich. Hervorzuheben ist außerdem, dass nicht nur auf nationaler Ebene Anstrengungen unternommen wurden, das regulatorische Umfeld für Banken zu verbessern, sondern dass es auch auf Ebene der Europäischen Union (EU) gelungen ist, mit dem »Single Rulebook« einen einheitlichen regulatorischen Rahmen zu schaffen. Dies wirkt Verschiebungen von Risiken innerhalb der EU entgegen. Trotz dieser Erfolge und positiven Entwicklungen darf nicht übersehen werden, dass sich durch staatliches Eingreifen und die Einführung neuer Regulierungsvorschriften nicht nur der betroffene Sektor, also die Banken, anpassen. Es kann auch zu Auswirkungen auf verschiedenste Akteure kommen, die direkt oder indirekt mit dem Bankensystem interagieren. Zudem kann es im Anpassungsprozess zu dynamischen Effekten kommen. Im Beitrag gehen wir auf zwei ausgewählte Aspekte ein, welche in diesem Zusammenhang von der Legislative zu beachten sind.
Der Beitrag ist Teil des Artikels “Die Zukunft des europäischen Finanzsystems – zwischen Risiken und mangelnder Wettbewerbsfähigkeit?“, erschienen in: ifo Schnelldienst, 2024, 77, Nr. 07, 03-36.
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12.03.2024 • 8/2024
Risk in the banking sector: four out of ten top supervisors come from the financial industry
Europe's banks realise excess returns on the stock market when their alumni join the boards of national supervisory authorities. A study by the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) shows that this happens more frequently than previously recognised. The findings indicate a risk to financial stability and call for a more merit-based, transparent appointment of senior regulators.
Michael Koetter
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Konjunktur aktuell: Deutschland in der Stagnation festgefahren – privater Konsum weiter unter dem Niveau
von vor der Pandemie
Konjunktur aktuell,
No. 1,
2024
Abstract
Zu Beginn des Jahres 2024 zeigen Stimmungsindikatoren etwas aufgehellte Aussichten für die internationale Konjunktur. In Europa dürfte die Dynamik allerdings recht schwach bleiben. Deutschland befindet sich in einer lang anhaltenden Stagnation, die sich bis zum Sommer fortsetzen wird. Für die Zeit danach ist mit einem leichten Anziehen der Konjunktur zu rechnen. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt dürfte im Jahr 2024 um lediglich 0,2% expandieren, für 2025 prognostiziert das IWH einen Zuwachs um 1,5%.
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Is Risk the Fuel of the Business Cycle? Financial Frictions and Oil Market Disturbances
Christoph Schult
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 4,
2024
Abstract
I estimate a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model for the United States that incorporates oil market shocks and risk shocks working through credit market frictions. The findings of this analysis indicate that risk shocks play a crucial role during the Great Recession and the Dot-Com bubble but not during other economic downturns. Credit market frictions do not amplify persistent oil market shocks. This result holds as long as entry and exit rates of entrepreneurs are independent of the business cycle.
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Global Banks and Synthetic Funding: The Benefits of Foreign Relatives
Fernando Eguren-Martin, Matias Ossandon Busch, Dennis Reinhardt
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,
No. 1,
2024
Abstract
Abstract This paper examines the effect of dislocations in foreign currency (FX) swap markets ("CIP deviations") on bank lending. Using data from UK banks we show that when the cost of obtaining swap-based funds in a particular foreign currency increases, banks reduce the supply of cross-border credit in that currency. This effect is increasing in the degree of banks' reliance on swap-based FX funding. Access to foreign relatives matters as banks employ internal capital markets to shield their cross-border FX lending supply from the described channel. Partial substitution occurs from banks outside the UK not affected by changes in synthetic funding costs.
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Does IFRS Information on Tax Loss Carryforwards and Negative Performance Improve Predictions of Earnings and Cash Flows?
Sandra Dreher, Sebastian Eichfelder, Felix Noth
Journal of Business Economics,
January
2024
Abstract
We analyze the usefulness of accounting information on tax loss carryforwards and negative performance to predict earnings and cash flows. We use hand-collected information on tax loss carryforwards and corresponding deferred taxes from the International Financial Reporting Standards tax footnotes for listed firms from Germany. Our out-of-sample tests show that considering accounting information on tax loss carryforwards does not enhance performance forecasts and typically even worsens predictions. The most likely explanation is model overfitting. Besides, common forecasting approaches that deal with negative performance are prone to prediction errors. We provide a simple empirical specification to account for that problem.
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