East German external trade very dynamic in 1995
Ingrid Haschke
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
1996
Abstract
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Components of a municipal finance reform: Trade tax and public assistance – Expert report for the Bundestag group Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen
Thomas Notheis, Martin Junkernheinrich
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 1,
1996
Abstract
Die Reform des Gemeindesteuersystems steht bereits seit Jahren auf der politischen Tagesordnung. Mittlerweile haben sich die kontroversen Positionen zwischen Bundesgesetzgeber, Wirtschaft und Kommunen deutlich angenähert. Die weit fortgeschrittene Aushöhlung der Gewerbesteuer und die zunehmende Delegation von ausgabenintensiven Aufgaben auf die lokale Ebene haben die Verhandlungsposition der Städte und Gemeinden geschwächt. Für viele Kämmerer dominiert das fiskalische Deckungsziel, so daß man auch Reformmodelle zu akzeptieren bereit ist, die man lange und mit Gründen abgelehnt hat.
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Environmental protection services of trade and industry in East Germany
Jens Horbach, Walter Komar
Forschungsreihe,
No. 2,
1996
Abstract
Vor dem Hintergrund des hohen Nachholbedarfes im Umweltschutz der neuen Länder und neuer umweltgesetzlicher Regelungen werden die Marktchancen ostdeutscher An-bieter von Umweltschutzdiensten auf der Basis einer Befragung im Jahr 1995 untersucht. Die Analyse zeigt günstige Perspektiven für die Bereiche Entsorgung und Recycling sowie Altlastensanierung. Die bundesweit geltenden Regelungen des neuen Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetzes dürften auch positive Impulse für die Abfall- und Recyclingbranche in Westdeutschland auslösen.
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Improved competitiveness of CEFTA countries in trade with European Union
Klaus Werner
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 7,
1995
Abstract
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Structural Changes in Trade Relations between the European Union and Central and Eastern Europe since 1991
Klaus Werner
Externe Publikationen,
1995
Abstract
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Special forms of East-West Trade
Hubert Gabrisch, Jan Stankovsky
Soviet & Eastern European Foreign Trade,
1989
Abstract
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Understanding CSR Champions: A Machine Learning Approach
Alona Bilokha, Mingying Cheng, Mengchuan Fu, Iftekhar Hasan
Annals of Operations Research,
2099
Abstract
In this paper, we study champions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance among the U.S. publicly traded firms and their common characteristics by utilizing machine learning algorithms to identify predictors of firms’ CSR activity. We contribute to the CSR and leadership determinants literature by introducing the first comprehensive framework for analyzing the factors associated with corporate engagement with socially responsible behaviors by grouping all relevant predictors into four broad categories: corporate governance, managerial incentives, leadership, and firm characteristics. We find that strong corporate governance characteristics, as manifested in board member heterogeneity and managerial incentives, are the top predictors of CSR performance. Our results suggest policy implications for providing incentives and fostering characteristics conducive to firms “doing good.”
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Uncovered Workers in Plants Covered by Collective Bargaining: Who Are They and How Do They Fare?
Boris Hirsch, Philipp Lentge, Claus Schnabel
Abstract
In Germany, employers used to pay union members and non-members in a plant the same union wage in order to prevent workers from joining unions. Using recent administrative data, we investigate which workers in firms covered by collective bargaining agreements still individually benefit from these union agreements, which workers are not covered anymore, and what this means for their wages. We show that about 9 percent of workers in plants with collective agreements do not enjoy individual coverage (and thus the union wage) anymore. Econometric analyses with unconditional quantile regressions and firm-fixed-effects estimations demonstrate that not being individually covered by a collective agreement has serious wage implications for most workers. Low-wage non-union workers and those at low hierarchy levels particularly suffer since employers abstain from extending union wages to them in order to pay lower wages. This jeopardizes unions' goal of protecting all disadvantaged workers.
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